BOTTLENECK ANALYSIS OF ANATOLIAN BLACK CATTLE (BOS TAURUS) USING MICROSATELLITE MARKERS

The present study was conducted in order to reveal the genetic diversity andbottleneck in Anatolian Black Cattle (Bos Taurus). Animal material of the studyconsisted of 75 cattle raised in International Center for Livestock Research andTraining. The bottleneck in the cattle breed studied was checked with 10microsatellites markers, amplified in a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR)were used according to recommendation of FAO (2011). A total of 116 alleles wasobserved from microsatellites studied. Overall value belongs to average number ofalleles (Na), effective number of alleles (Ne), observed heterozygosity (Ho),expected heterozygosity (He), the polymorphic information content (PIC), averageheterozygosity (Ĥ), and FIS, known as the inbreeding coefficient, were 11.60, 5.35,0.80, 0.78, 0.80 and 0.012, respectively. All microsatellite markers except INRA23and ETH3 deviated from Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). Bottleneck wasanalyzed with Bottleneck software according to three different mutation modelsincluding the infinite allele model (IAM), two-phase mutation model (TPM) andstepwise mutation model (SMM). It can be said that there is not any ultimate risk interms of bottleneck considering L–shaped curve showing normal distributionobtained from the analysis.

Characterization Method for 3D Substructure of Nuclear Cell Based on Orthogonal Phase Images

A set of optical models associated with blood cells are introduced in this paper. All of these models are made up of different parts possessing symmetries. The wrapped phase images as well as the unwrapped ones from two orthogonal directions related to some of these models are obtained by simulation technique. Because the phase mutation occurs on the boundary between nucleus and cytoplasm as well as on the boundary between cytoplasm and environment medium, the equation of inflexion curve is introduced to describe the size, morphology, and substructure of the nuclear cell based on the analysis of the phase features of the model. Furthermore, a mononuclear cell model is discussed as an example to verify this method. The simulation result shows that characterization with inflexion curve based on orthogonal phase images could describe the substructure of the cells availably, which may provide a new way to identify the typical biological cells quickly without scanning.

Research on Modulation Recognition of the MPSK Signals Based on Statistical Analysis

The PSK signals have been applied widely in wireless communication systems, such as in the military and commercial satellite system, the digital short-wave radios, and the ALE system of radio station, etc. This article will be discussed on the problem of how to identify the PSK subclass signal in the situation of non-cooperative communication. In addition, the blind identification method based on Wavelet Transform (WT) and Phase Clustering has been mentioned in the following without knowing any prior information. The first is to obtain the phase mutation phase difference by using WT, and then the modulation recognition of PSK subclass signal will be achieved through the threshold that ground on characteristics of PSK structure. When SNR greater than 2dB, the recognition rate of PSK subclass signal can reach more than 93%, in the condition of white Gaussian noise.

The Thin Pili of Acinetobacter sp. Strain BD413 Mediate Adhesion to Biotic and Abiotic Surfaces

ABSTRACT Two structurally different appendages, thin and thick pili, are found in members of the genus Acinetobacter. The presence of pilus structures correlates with different phenotypes, such as adherence to surfaces, a trait not only observed in pathogenic Acinetobacter species, as well as motility. However, their distinct individual roles were unknown. To characterize the role of different pili in the physiology of Acinetobacter, we isolated the thin pili from the cell surface of Acinetobacter sp. strain BD413 (recently recognized as representative of Acinetobacter baylyi), a soil bacterium that rapidly takes up naked DNA from its environment. Electron microcopy revealed that the pilus has an external diameter of 2 to 3 nm for single filaments. The filaments are packed into right-handed bundles. The major protein constituting the pilus was purified, and the encoding gene, acuA, was cloned. AcuA was found to be weakly related to the structural subunit of F17 pili of Escherichia coli. Analyses of the acuA flanking DNA region led to the identification of three closely associated genes, acuD, acuC, and acuG, whose deduced proteins are similar to chaperone, usher, and adhesin of F17-related pili, respectively. Transcriptional analyses revealed that acuA expression is maximal in the late-stationary-growth phase. Mutation of acuA led to a loss of thin pili and concomitantly loss of adhesion to polystyrene and erythrocytes but not loss of competence. Therefore, thin pili of Acinetobacter sp. strain BD413 are suggested to be assembled by the chaperone/usher pathway and are involved in adherence to biotic and abiotic surfaces.

radC102 of Escherichia coliIs an Allele of recG

ABSTRACT The radC102 mutation causes mild UV and X-ray sensitivity and was mapped previously to near pyrE andrecG at 82 min on the Escherichia colichromosome (I. Felzenszwalb, N. J. Sargentini, and K. C. Smith, Radiat. Res. 97:615–625, 1984). We report thatradC102 has two striking phenotypes characteristic ofrecG mutations. First, it causes dramatically increased RecA-dependent mutation in a stationary-phase mutation assay. Second, it causes extreme UV sensitivity in combination with ruvmutations affecting the RuvABC Holliday junction resolution system. DNA sequencing of the radC and recG genes inradC102 strains revealed that the radC102mutation creates a stop codon in recG that is predicted to truncate the RecG protein at 410 of 603 amino acids. A low-copy-number plasmid carrying the radC + gene did not affect the UV sensitivity of a wild-type strain, a radC102 strain, or arecG258::Tn10mini-kanstrain. We conclude that radC102 is an allele ofrecG and that the function of the RadC protein remains to be determined.