AMANAT DAN PENGARUH BAHASA DALAM PEMERINTAHAN POLITIK ISLAM

Artikel ini mengajukan perbincangan tentang amanat dan pengaruh bahasa dalam pemerintahan tradisiKesultanan Melayu. Amanat dan pengaruh bahasa yang dibincangkan meliputi pesanan dan nasihatyang berlatarkan prinsip asas dalam pemerintahan Islam. Amanat dan pengaruh bahasa merupakanmaklumat penting yang disampaikan oleh pengarang naskhah Melayu sebagai nasihat kepada pewarisraja tentang akhlak dan moral dalam membentuk tradisi pemerintahan politik Islam-Melayu. Oleh itu,kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif iaitu menganalisis teks sebagai batas dalam perbincangan. Teksyang dianalisis ialah naskhah Sejarah Melayu (Sulalat al-Salatin) yang diselenggarakan oleh A. SamadAhmad, terbitan tahun 1979. Kajian ini juga telah mengaplikasikan Teori Politik Islam yang diusahakanoleh Yahaya Jusoh (2014) sebagai perbincangan tentang amanat politik Melayu tradisi yang dipengaruhioleh pemerintahan Islam. Hasil analisis mendapati amanat dan pengaruh bahasa yang dicatatkan dalamnaskhah Sejarah Melayu mempunyai sebahagian persamaan dengan prinsip asas dalam pemerintahanIslam. Prinsip asas berlandaskan ajaran Islam seperti ketaatan, keadilan, muafakat, hal ehwalmasyarakat, amanah dan melaksanakan kebaikan yang didapati dalam naskhah Sejarah Melayu ini telahmempengaruhi amanat raja-raja Melayu mengenai pemerintahan. Justeru, kajian ini berperanan untukmembentuk identiti kesinambungan identiti tradisi Kesultanan Melayu dengan tradisi pemerintahan Islamyang dicatat oleh pengarang Sejarah Melayu melalui amanat dan pengaruh bahasa daripada seorang rajakepada pewarisnya. This article proposes the discussion about the mandate and the language influences in traditionalgovernance of Malay Sultanate. The mandate and the language influences discussed include messagesand advices about the basic principles of governance of Islam. The mandate and the language influencesare important information delivered by the author of Malay’s manuscript as the advice to the king’s heirsabout ethics and morality in shaping the traditional Islamic-Malay political governance. Therefore, thisstudy used qualitative method; text analysing as the limitation of the discussion. The text analysed ismanuscript of Sejarah Melayu (Sulalat al-Salatin) managed by A.Samad Ahmad, issued in 1979. Thisstudy is applying the Theory of Political of Islam cultivated by Yahaya Jusoh (2014) in discussing theMalay political advices which have been influenced by governance of Islam. As a result, the study showsthere are some similarity between the mandate and the language influences recorded in manuscript ofSejarah Melayu and basic principles of governance of Islam. The basic principle of Islamic teaching suchas loyalty, justice, consensus, community matters, trust and implementing good found in manuscript ofSejarah Melayu influenced the mandate of Malay’s King about governance. Hence, this study works asshaping the continuity of identity of Malay Sultanate Tradition and governance of Islam tradition recordedby the author of Sejarah Melayu manuscript by using the mandate and the language influences from aKing to his heirs.

Implementation of Islamic Corporate Governance: A Case Study in BMT NUsantara UMAT MANDIRI Kalidawir Tulungangung

BMT NUsantara UMAT MANDIRI as financial institutions are expected to implement the corporate governance of Islam (Islamic Corporate Governance) that comply with Islamic principles. The implementation of Islamic Corporate Governance can increase consumer trust and confidence. The purposes of this research are to know about Islamic Corporate Governance as Islamic finance institutions and to know the application of Islamic Corporate Governance BMT NUsantara UMAT MANDIRI Kalidawir Tulungagung.

Contesting the Boundaries between Civil and Religious Marriage

This article discusses the relation between civil and religious marriage, at the interface between the state’s legal discourse and the discourses and practices of Norwegian mosques. A central question is what kinds of effects the governance of Islam in Norway has had in the field of marriage. Against the background of political debates on the system of marriage authorization of faith communities, the analysis draws on interviews with public officials and administrative leaders of mosques, the majority of whom are authorized to perform legal marriage. While the Norwegian state concept of marriage authorization is based on a separation of the civil act and the religious act, mosque administrators rather highlight the similarity and continuity between the two. Contrary to state concerns, though, the analysis suggests that the civil marriages have affected the religious, rather than vice versa. What is interesting is that this reasoning actually results in Norwegian marriage certificates replacing or suppressing the Islamic marriage contract, although agreements on mahr (dower) are still made more informally. Thus, our findings suggest that there has been a secularizing effect.

Looking for a Safe Place

This article explores human security from the perspective of those who live under the securitization and governance of Islam, i.e. Muslims themselves. I focus on one hand on the insecurities and threats that have been identified by Somali Muslims in the diaspora, and on the other hand on their means for managing insecurity and creating a sense of safety. The challenges, opportunities and experiences of the Somali diaspora are linked to the histories of immigration and race in different settlement countries, and also to global discourses and policies on Islam and Muslims. The experiences of Canadian Somalis will serve as a mirror on the situation in Europe, in particular the Nordic country of Finland, where both similarities and differences may be found.

The Governance of Islam in Finland and Ireland

The questions of how western European states have related, and should relate, to their Muslim populations have in recent decades generated a rapidly growing body of research, aimed at answering the above questions from different theoretical perspectives. It has been argued that the main problem with the existing theories is their failure to take into account historically evolved church–state relations that have a bearing on the way that Muslim religious practices are accommodated in a given country. In order to test this argument, we will examine the representational structures of Muslims in Finland and the Republic of Ireland as well as questions pertaining to Islam and education. Even if under different legal arrangements of church–state relations, both Finland and Ireland have opted for a policy where they aim at securing the status quo of a dominant national church while also extending some of the legal privileges enjoyed by the mainstream church to religious minorities. What we will demonstrate in our article is that while this kind of “policy of extended privileges” can work for, it can also function against securing the rights of religious minorities such as Muslims.