The effect of feed residues on the quality of aquatic environment in circulating aquaculture systems of african catfish (Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822))

Purpose. To study the peculiarities of relationships between the aquatic environment and the extruded feed residues in the circulating aquaculture systems intended for growing Clarias gariepinus, and changes in the concentrations of inorganic nitrogen compounds and phosphorus phosphates. Methodology. The object of study is the quality of the aquatic environment when modeling the food load in accordance with feeding standards of different age groups of Cl. gariepinus. Water quality in experimental tanks was determined by analytical methods. Findings. It was found that the intake of extruded feed residues into the aquatic environment leads to a deterioration in its quality due to an increase in the concentration of compounds of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus of phosphates, which negatively affects the vital activity of Cl. gariepinus. Nitrification processes are activated under conditions of sufficient dissolved oxygen content in the environment. The overload of the aquatic environment with organic matter promotes the bacterial transformation processes of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, which are characterized by the predominance of the ammonification process and the suppression of oxidative processes. Upon completion of the mineralization of the excess organic matter, the appearance of a sufficient amount of dissolved oxygen activates ammonium oxidation and intensifies nitrification process. The leading factors in the ammonification and nitrification processes in an environment saturated with organic matter include the dissolved oxygen content, which regulates the activity ratio of anaerobic amonifying and aerobic nitrifying microflora. Optimum aeration in Cl. gariepinus cultivation systems is determined not only by the direct physiological needs of fish, but also by the need to maintain a sufficient content of dissolved oxygen to ensure nitrification processes. Originality. The study investigated the effect of the food load on the quality of aquatic environment in the circulating aquaculture systems for Cl. gariepinus rearing. Practical value. The study results can be used to optimize Cl. gariepinus growing methods in circulating aquaculture systems with adjustable parameters at high stocking densities. Key words: African catfish, quality of the aquatic environment, food load, inorganic nitrogen compounds, phosphorus phosphate content, circulating adjustable systems.

Structural and functional changes of abdominal organs in patients with hepatocerebral degeneration

The paper presents the results of ultrasound diagnostic of 76 patients with neurological forms of hepatocerebral degeneration (HCD) or Wilson’s disease (WD), who were examined and treated at the clinic of the Institute of Neurology, Psychiatry and Narcology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. According to ultrasound diagnostic, all patients had pathological changes in the liver. In 58% of patients these changes corresponded to chronic hepatitis, in 42% - liver cirrhosis, and in 32% of patients were reported for portal hypertension. Background hepatic hemodynamics of patients was within normal limits, but in 82% of them the reaction to food load was negative. Doppler study showed that background hepatic hemodynamics in patients with neurological forms of hepatocerebral degeneration (GCD) was within normal limits. However, the food load showed that 82% of patients had impaired reciprocal autoregulation of liver microcirculation. This indicates a decrease in their compensatory-adaptive capacity of the liver. This position is confirmed by the fact that 70% of these patients have a decrease in vasoactive endothelial function. Our study of the functional state of the vascular endothelium showed that patients with GCD have a significant decrease in vasoactive endothelial function. In general, the group was only 8.12% at a rate of 10% or more. Despite the young average age of our patients (29.7 years), only 30% of patients had a normal vasoactive reaction. These were patients under the age of 25 from the group of chronic hepatitis. The degree of endothelial dysfunction was significantly higher in patients with liver cirrhosis compared with chronic hepatitis. According to ultrasound elastography, in the vast majority of examined patients with GCD (88%) there was increased stiffness of the liver parenchyma. On the average on group of patients it made 10,62 KPA with a range from 4,74 to 20,69 KPA (norm 0,4-6,0 KPA). Thus, patients with neurological forms of GCD, which are observed by a neurologist, it is necessary before each course of treatment, but at least 1-2 times a year, to conduct ultrasound of the abdominal cavity.

Comparative Analysis of Different Configuration Domestic Refrigerators: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Approach

To reduce the tremendous increase in the energy consumption in the residential sector, there is a continuous need to improve the cooling efficiency and reduce running cost in domestic refrigerators. In this regard, three domestic refrigerator configurations have been considered. These configurations, namely, top mounted freezer (TMF), bottom mounted freezer (BMF), and side mounted freezer (SMF), were numerically simulated using ansys fluent 14 code. The refrigerators considered in this paper are air cooled by natural convection mechanism. For improved accuracy, piecewise polynomial function was used to obtain the temperature dependent specific heat capacity, while the discrete ordinate (DO) model was used to account for the radiation energy exchange between the refrigerator walls and cooling air. The effect of refrigerator opening and refrigerator load on the performance of the model refrigerators was also studied. Results show that cabinets that have the same relative position from the base (ground level) in TMF, BMF, and SMF configuration was observed to have similar cooling effectiveness irrespective of the compartment (i.e., freezer or fresh food). Load in the lowest parts of the model refrigerator consistently maintains the highest cooling effectiveness with about 15% more than their respective topmost cabinet. Thus, consumer preference of highly efficient compartment (either freezer or refrigerator) should be considered. After 300 min cooling time, the TMF and BMF cooling load are more than that of SMF by about 8%. This suggests that SMF with better cooling effectiveness will consume less energy and would have a lower running cost.

Metabolic syndrome and morphofunctional state of pancreas in children: clinical and pathogenetic relationship

The aim of the study: evaluation of pancreatic morphofunctional state of children with metabolic syndrome (MS). 48 children were examined with different shapes and degrees of obesity, ranging in age from 6 to 15 years old (23 males and 25 females). 2 selected groups: core group-31 child with MS, the comparison group-17 children with obesity without signs of MS. Decrease the postprandial response of the pancreas, which indicates lower adaptive capacity and high risk of development of chronic pancreatitis in children with MS. The interrelation between the overall size of the gland before and after food load with violations of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The results indicate the need for in-depth surveys of children with a view to the correction of excretory and endocrine functions of the pancreas decrease in risk of formation of MS

SOFTWARE «CEREC-BIOGENERIC» - HARMONY WITH NATURE, EXPERIMENTAL BASIS INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CERAMIC RESTORATION

<p>Cause of infringement of functional balance of chewing system most often is teeth. Violation of natural parameters of tooth can lead to change of its function therefore chewing pressure goes not on a tooth axis. At the wrong arrangement and modeling of hillocks the chewed food can be distributed out of limits of an occlusive field. Plane contacts between teeth antagonists complicate uniform crushing of food, load of a periodontium thus increases, the erasing of teeth.</p>

In-Process Weighing Systems

In-process electronic high speed weighing systems play an important role in the highly automated, continuously evolving industrial world of today. They are an essential component in sorting, grading and quality control within a diverse range of industries, including; robotics, automotive and food. Load cells are considered to be the definitive force sensor for industrial weighing systems. Load cell output is in the form of an oscillatory response in which the measurand contributes to the response parameters. Current methods require the oscillatory response to settle in order to achieve an accurate measurement. This is time consuming and speed limiting. The focus of this paper is to find alternative weighing analysis methods for a system which utilises two load cells, placed either side of a carrier travelling on a chain conveyor, running at speeds of 10 items a second. It is necessary to determine the value of the measurand in the fastest time possible to speed up the process and increase throughput. This has been approached by mathematically modelling the system to allow accurate prediction of the weights passing the load cells before the settling time of the oscillatory response. Simple models of harmonic motion have been considered for the motion of a load cell. An experimental system was built and weighing data collected for different speeds and loads. Power spectra of the weighing data was analysed to determine dominant frequencies and estimate system parameters. This paper describes the work done to date on load cell modelling and improving an in-process electronic weighing system by successfully predicting the weight during the transient period of the oscillatory response. The assumptions and results of both simulations and experimental data are presented.