The Fabrication of Fragrance Microcapsules and Their Sustained and Broken Release Behavior

Their controlled release property is the most important feature of functional microcapsules and carriers. In this work, melamine resin shell fragrance microcapsules were fabricated in a non-ionic system, and their chemical structure, particle size, and morphology were analyzed. The sustained release property of the prepared microcapsules over 2400 h was studied with a weighing calculation method, and based on the fitting results, the release rate trend was consistent with the Peppas model (y = 100 − 2.30t0.3213). Furthermore, the sustained and broken release behavior of the microcapsules in impregnated fabric samples were investigated for the first time by our proposed Solid Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (SPME-GC-MS) method. The qualitative and quantitative analysis results showed that the middle and base note compositions were outstanding in the sustained release state, and the top note showed more advantages in the broken release state. In addition, it was found that the characteristic peak species and intensities of the sample finished with the microcapsules were more similar to pure essence oil than the sample finished by traditional methods, suggesting that the prepared microcapsules showed an excellent odor recovery and strength.

Effects of essence oil additives added to different feeds on methane production

Objective. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of different plant essence oil supplementation to TMR, concentrate and hay on methanogenesis and at 2, 8 and 24 hours (h) using in vitro gas production technique in cattle. Material and methods. Three fistulated Holstein dairy cows were used for rumen fluid collection for application of in vitro gas production technique. Four essence oils (T. vulgaris, O. vulgare, S. aromaticum, Z. officinale) were used as plant extracts. Results. Essence oil supplementation, particularly at increased doses, significantly decreased methane production for TMR, concentrate and hay at 8 and 24 h compared to negative and positive control groups (p<0.05). Among all plant extracts, Syzygium 200 ppm supplementation resulted the lowest methane production values(p<0.05). While methane production at 24 h in positive control groups were recorded respectively as 10.45, 10.75 and 10.07 for TMR, concentrate and hay, the values in Syzygium 200 ppm group were recorded respectively as 1.65, 3.28 and 1.98 for these feed groups. Conclusions. The findings of the study indicate that increased doses of essence oil supplementation significantly decrease methane production in ruminants. Hence, it is suggested that essence oil will be highly beneficial in ruminant nutrition.

Efficacy of essence oil supplementation to feeds on volatile fatty acid production

ABSTRACTObjective. Determine the effect of some plant extract supplementation to Total Mixed Ration (TMR), concentrate and hay on volatile fatty acid (VFA) production at 8 and 24 hours (h) using in vitro gas production technique in cattle. Material and methods. Three fistulated Holstein dairy cows were used for rumen fluid collection for application of in vitro gas production technique. Four essence oils (T. vulgaris, O. vulgare, S. aromaticum, Z. officinale) were used as plant extracts. Results. Essence oil supplementations to the examined feed groups had significant effect only on C2/C3 VFA level at 8 h in all feed groups (p<0.05). C2/C3 VFA level at 8 h significantly increased in the groups with Oregano 25 ppm supplementation for TMR and concentrate and in the groups with Thymol 25 ppm supplementation for hay. C3 VFA level at 8 h significantly increased in the group that received Syzygium 200 ppm supplementation for hay. Different plant extracts supplemented to TMR, concentrate and hay significantly affected C2, C3, IC4, IC5, C5 and C2/C3 VFA levels at 24 h (p<0.05). Conclusions. The findings of the study indicate that moderate doses of plant extracts result in increased VFA levels in ruminants while higher doses demonstrate the opposite effect.

Pressure Sensitive Essence Microcapsules with MF-UF Resin as Double Wall

The paper studied the preparation and micro-encapsulation of pressure sensitive essence microcapsules with MF resin and UF resin as double wall by using the in situ polymerization method, and the optimal preparation conditions were also studied. The microcapsules were characterized on structure, morphologies, thermal properties, mean particle size and size distribution. The experiment illustrated that the wall of microcapsule consisted of the MF resin and the UF resin had been synthesized in the process of preparation, the essence oil was encapsulated into the microcapsules, the mean particle size and size distribution was well-proportioned and narrowed respectively, the particle morphologies were single core and global, the wall was hermetically sealed.

Effects of Protective Colloid on the MF-UF Double Wall Micro-Encapsulation Containing Essence Oil

Essence oil is difficult to microencapsulate and difficult to envelop into wall to prepare pressure sensitive microcapsules. With styrene maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) as the protective colloid, the paper studied the effects of protective colloid and micro-encapsulation of pressure sensitive perfume microcapsules with melamine formaldehyde resin (MF) and urea formaldehyde resin (UF) as double wall first time by using the re-in situ polymerization method. The microcapsules and emusion process were characterized on morphologies, mean particle size and size distribution, zeta potebtial, wall thickness of microcapsules. It was found that the SMA seemed to be suitable for the emulsification and preparation of microcapsule with MF-UF resin as double wall containing essence oil. The results indicated the S/M mole ratio in MSA molecules affected the preparation and quality of microcapsules, pH value and the dosage of SMA had important impact on zeta value and encapsulation in the process of polymerization. The stirring time and stirring rate in emulsification process with MSA as protective colloid influenced the mean particle size and particle size distribution of microcapsules, SMA was one of the components of microcapsules, SMA amount used affected the mean particle size, size distribution and thickness of microcapsules.