Different aspects in manipulating overlapped spectra used for the analysis of trimebutine maleate and structure elucidation of its degradation products

Background Four rapid, accurate, and validated stability-indicating spectrophotometric methods have been described in the present work for the analysis of trimebutine maleate (TM) in existence of its degradation products in its authentic form and in pharmaceutical formulations excluding any separation steps. Results These methods were a dual-wavelength (DW) method which allows the determination of TM in existence of its degradation products at 243 nm and 269 nm, second derivative (D2) method measured at peak amplitude at 268 nm, ratio difference (RD) method at 242 nm and 278 nm, and constant center coupled with spectrum subtraction (CC-SS) method at 242 nm and 278 nm versus 278 nm. By applying the suggested methods, TM could be quantified in the range of 5.0–60.0 μg/mL with percentage recoveries 99.97 ± 0.40, 100.36 ± 0.58, 99.90 ± 0.42, and 100.15 ± 0.45 for DW, D2, RD, and CC-SS methods, respectively. International Conference on Harmonization guidelines were followed for validation of the described methods, and the application of laboratory-prepared mixtures along with different pharmaceutical drugs including the target drug showed favorable results without any contribution from additives. Conclusions Statistical comparison was used to compare the proposed and official methods, and satisfactory results for both accuracy and precision were obtained. The results confirm the applicability of the suggested methods for the determination of TM in quality control laboratories.

On the Origin of Film and the Resurrection of the People

This chapter consists of a reading of Griffith’s masterpiece Intolerance. From the point of view of the development of cinematic grammar, Griffith is perhaps most famous for two things: for having basically invented cinematic montage--a logic of cinematic cutting--and for having liberated the location of the camera, no longer having it simulate the position of a theatrical audience, freeing it from occupying a constant center and distance in relation to which a stage opens. These innovations meant that the perspective and order of cinematic shots were no longer subjected to the principle of a given center; any shot could follow any given shot, without any pre-established reason or meaning. The chapter demonstrates how these innovations are fundamentally based on Griffith’s understanding of the dimension of the off-screen.

Finish Roll Forming of Spur Gears for High Efficiency

Finish roll forming under the constant center distance by forced feed of tool can be conceived as a method of eliminating errors in conventional form rolling under constant loads. This method generates a high-precision tooth profile by low-speed form rolling when a high rigid screw or cam is used as loading parts. In this study, the high-speed rolling conditions of this method for necessary to be applied in practical situations are discussed. The following conclusions are obtained. When the following design data are given (module, number of teeth, addendum modification coefficient, prescribed design precision, and material characteristics), the accuracy of rolled gear can be predicted from the relationship between the required feed for the tool and the theoretically calculated plastic deformation on the tooth profile. These conclusions are verified experimentally. For example, the tooth accuracy of rolled gears with module 5 can improve from JIS class 3 to JIS class 0 or 1 when the load Fmax is 4 to 5kN and the pitch line velocity is 7 m/min.

Alternative Character-Spacing Algorithms for Crt-Displayed Text

In traditional CRT displays of text, a centered-spacing algorithm is used with constant center-to-center distance between adjacent characters. This spacing algorithm is also used for most typewriters. In proportional-spacing, the edge-to-edge (rather than center-to-center) distance between adjacent characters is controlled. This can result in significantly greater display densities of textual information than with traditional centered-spacing. Human factors problems and issues associated with these alternative character-spacing algorithms for CRT-displayed text will be presented.