ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF BIOACTIVE CHITOSAN FILMS

Interest in the development of films for food preservation is increasing due to the improvement achieved in the food preservation time with the advent of new packaging technologies. Chitosan is a widely used biopolymer produced from the deacetylation of chitin, which has a good capacity to form suitable films as food packages. On the other hand, bioactive compounds such as gallic acid and salicylic acid act as inhibitors of the oxidant activity of free radicals and delay the decomposition of food. In this sense, the preparation of chitosan films modified with the mixture incorporation of salicylic acid/sorbitol or gallic acid/Tween 80 was proposed, using sorbitol or Tween 80 as plasticizers. Both films (chitosan/gallic acid/Tween 80 and chitosan/salicylic acid/sorbitol) showed a good antioxidant capacity in while the chitosan/gallic acid/Tween 80 film evidenced its antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 causing a diminution of unit forming colony

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Canavalia gladiata

The present study deals with the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Canavalia gladiata. Antioxidant activity by nitric oxide and DPPH methods reveals that methanol extract of Canavalia gladiata shows good results when compared to the aqueous extract. It indicates that methanol extract of Canavalia gladiata shows maximum percentage of inhibition when compared to the standard drug (Ascorbic acid).Antioxidants help to neutralize free radicals, which are unstable molecules that are linked to the development of a number of degenerative diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disesase, cognitive impairment immune dysfunction, cataract and macular degeneration. Antibacterial activity by Agar well diffusion method reveals that methanol extract of Canavalia gladiata shows better results when compared to the aqueous extract. It indicates that methanol extract of Canavalia gladiata shows maximum zone of inhibition when compared to the the standard drug (chloramphenicol).

Screening Chemical Composition and Bioactive Properties of Mentha x piperita L. Essential Oil and Extract

In recent years, medicinal and aromatic herbs, which contain variety of antimicrobial compounds and have no risk to human health in terms of antibiotic resistance, are increasingly used as alternatives to antibiotics. In the study, chemical composition, total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of essential oil and extract of Mentha x piperita L. growing wild in Eskisehir were investigated. Carvone (55.8%), limonene (12.8%), 1.8-cineole (8.7%) and trans-dihydrocarvone (6.4%) were determined as the main constituents of the essential oil, while the major components of the extract were carvone (56.4%), 1.8-cineole (14.1%) and trans-dihydrocarvone (8.4%). The total phenolic contents of essential oil (2204.33 µg GAE/g) were significantly higher than of extract (744 µg GAE/g). The essential oil and the extract were inhibited 84.08% and 42.59% by the DPPH radical, 91.87% and 48.40% by the ABTS radical, respectively. The highest inhibition zone was observed against S. aureus (23 mm). However, minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values of the essential oil were ranged between 2.5% and 10% (v/v), while MIC values of the extract were determined as 10% and >10% (v/v). The present study demonstrated that M. piperita could be used in pharmaceutical and food applications as a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial substance.

Phenolic Compound Content and the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Wild Blueberries (Vaccinium stenophyllum Steud.) Fruits Extracts during Ripening

The genus Vaccinium contains about 400 species distributed worldwide, but only a few species and varieties have had their phenolic composition and biological activity documented. In this study, phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts of Vaccinium stenophyllum Steud. fruits: 1-totally immature, 2-immature, 3-immature/close to maturity and 4-mature, were determined using UV-Visible spectrometry and HPTLC. The totally immature fruit extract showed the highest content of total phenols (19.153 ± 0.175 mg GAE/g DW), chlorogenic acid (20.867 ± 0.240 mg CAE/g DW), and the highest antioxidant activity by ABTS●+ (196.761 ± 0.641 µM TE/g DW) and DPPH● (146.580 ± 6.466 µM TE/g DW). Immature, immature/close to maturity and mature fruits extracts, exhibited the lowest MIC (9.37 mg/mL) and MBC (18.75 mg/mL) against Escherichia coli, Salmonella choleraesuis, and Shigella flexneri. The mature fruits extract exhibited the highest content of total anthocyanins (0.141 ± 0.004 mg CE/g DW) and cyanidin-3-glucoside (19.230 ± 0.309 mg CGE/g DW). The content of phenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins was higher than that reported for other Vaccinium species. These results showed the relevance of Vaccinium stenophyllum Steud. for breeding purposes to enhance the bioactivity of cultivars, or as a source of natural additives for the food industry, among others.

Analysis of Wound Healing from Andaliman Fruit Essential Oil Ointment (Zanthoxylum Canthopodium Dc.) on Wistar Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)

Injuries are cases of injury that are often experienced by every human being. A wound is the loss or damage of some body tissue. Many andaliman fruits contain many phytochemicals such as phenols, saponins, flavonoids, triterpioids, and alkaloids. Its terpenoid content has antioxidant and antimicrobial activity repellents. Iris / incision wounds, which are wounds caused by sharp object slices such as knives, cause damage to vessels that are large enough if the slice is deep enough. This study aims to find out the effect of Andaliman Fruit Essential Oil Saleb (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) on wound healing in white rats. This experimental study with the approach of Pre-test and Post-test group only control design was conducted January to February 2021, at the Herbarium Medanese FMIPA USU, the Pharmacognosive Laboratory of the Faculty of Pharmacy USU, and the Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology USU. The samples were Andaliman Fruit (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.), and male white rats. The number of samples using frederer formula, so determined the number of as many as 25 rats selected randomly divided into 5 groups. Data analysis uses the normality test statistical data test, and the ANOVA test. The results of the study that andaliman fruit extract has several bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins that play a role in wound healing. The optimum concentration of Saleb Andaliman fruit essential oil that can heal wounds in white rats is 5%. The highest percentage of cures on the 14th day was in positive control (Bioplacenton®) which was 95% and followed by an extract of 5% v/v with a cure percentage of 90%. Essential oil of andaliman fruit extract has the ability to approach Bioplacenton® in healing wounds in mice.

Antioxidant and antimicrobial studies of nanochitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose and graphene oxide binary and ternary composites

The present study aimed to prepare binary and ternary composites of nanochitosan (NCS), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and graphene oxide (GO) for the biological and biomedical application. The prepared NCS/CMC, CMC/GO and NCS/CMC/GO composites were characterized using FTIR, XRD and SEM studies. The results revealed the suitability of the material for biological application with increased amorphous nature for cell adhesion. Antimicrobial studies were carried out against selected bacterial and fungal species. DPPH scavenging activity was done for the prepared biocomposites. NCS/CMC/GO ternary composite have the highest action against Bacillus sp (21 mm) followed by Klebsilla sp. (19 mm) and Proteus sp. (16 mm). For selected fungal species of Candida, Rhizopus and Aspergillus niger the ternary composites shows 28 mm, 26 mm and 24 mm inhibitory zone. The overall results exhibit the potential antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the prepared composites.