Guiding Pay-As-You-Live Health Insurance Models Toward Responsible Innovation in Health

While the transition toward digitalized health care and service delivery challenges many publicly and privately funded health systems, patients are already producing a phenomenal amount of data on their health and lifestyle through their personal use of mobile technologies. To extract value from such user-generated data, a new insurance model is emerging called Pay-As-You-Live (PAYL). This model differs from other insurance models by offering to support clients in the management of their health in a more interactive yet directive manner. Despite significant promises for clients, there are critical issues that remain unaddressed, especially as PAYL models can significantly disrupt current collective insurance models and question the social contract in so-called universal and public health systems. In this paper, we discuss the following issues of concern: the quantification of health-related behavior, the burden of proof of compliance, client data privacy, and the potential threat to health insurance models based on risk mutualization. We explore how more responsible health insurance models in the digital health era could be developed, particularly by drawing from the Responsible Innovation in Health framework.

Mitigator: Privacy policy compliance using trusted hardware

Through recent years, much research has been conducted into processing privacy policies and presenting them in ways that are easy for users to understand. However, understanding privacy policies has little utility if the website’s data processing code does not match the privacy policy. Although systems have been proposed to achieve compliance of internal software to access control policies, they assume a large trusted computing base and are not designed to provide a proof of compliance to an end user. We design Mitigator, a system to enforce compliance of a website’s source code with a privacy policy model that addresses these two drawbacks of previous work. We use trusted hardware platforms to provide a guarantee to an end user that their data is only handled by code that is compliant with the privacy policy. Such an end user only needs to trust a small module in the hardware of the remote back-end machine and related libraries but not the entire OS. We also provide a proof-of-concept implementation of Mitigator and evaluate it for its latency. We conclude that it incurs only a small overhead with respect to an unmodified system that does not provide a guarantee of privacy policy compliance to the end user.

Guiding Pay-As-You-Live Health Insurance Models Toward Responsible Innovation in Health (Preprint)

UNSTRUCTURED While the transition toward digitalized health care and service delivery challenges many publicly and privately funded health systems, patients are already producing a phenomenal amount of data on their health and lifestyle through their personal use of mobile technologies. To extract value from such user-generated data, a new insurance model is emerging called Pay-As-You-Live (PAYL). This model differs from other insurance models by offering to support clients in the management of their health in a more interactive yet directive manner. Despite significant promises for clients, there are critical issues that remain unaddressed, especially as PAYL models can significantly disrupt current collective insurance models and question the social contract in so-called universal and public health systems. In this paper, we discuss the following issues of concern: the quantification of health-related behavior, the burden of proof of compliance, client data privacy, and the potential threat to health insurance models based on risk mutualization. We explore how more responsible health insurance models in the digital health era could be developed, particularly by drawing from the Responsible Innovation in Health framework.

The university teachers’ professional ethics from the students’ perspective

The article’s purpose is to describe some results of the research of students’ representations about the professional ethics of University teachers. The sample includes full-time and part-time students of psychological and pedagogical education. The diagnostic instrument was questionnaire “Customer Perceptions of professional ethics of the specialist”. It was revealed that students mainly note the orientation of the teachers’ professional ethics standards to their own professional interests, note the compliance of teachers’ personal characteristics with ethical requirements, and consider the job instructions to be the basis for the content of ethical standards in the teacher’s activity. Differences in the views of full-time and part-time students were found. Full-time students pay more attention to teachers’ personal characteristics as proof of compliance with ethical standards. Part-time students give a higher evaluation of teachers’ orientation to the professional community interests and needs of other ethic application objects (not only professional and client), as well as give a higher evaluation of law and universal values and culture as origins of teachers’ professional ethics.

FEATURES OF ASSESSMENT FORMS AND CONFIRMATION OF COMPLIANCE OF MEASURING EQUIPMENT IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The role of metrology in the system of technical regulation and the scope of the federal law «On ensuring the uniformity of measurements» No. 102-FL in the forms of product conformity assessment forms, forms for confirming the compliance of measuring instruments with mandatory requirements and requirements performed on a voluntary basis are considered. The role of metrology is shown in the most important element of the technical regulation system – conformity assessment, due to the fact that in all its forms, proof of compliance with requirements is provided by objective methods, i.e. with the use of measuring instruments. At the same time, the measuring technique is a specific product, to which, besides technical, and in some cases first of all, metrological requirements are met, i.e. requirements for metrological characteristics of measuring instruments. The problems of unambiguous understanding and application of assessment forms and confirmation of compliance of measuring instruments with metrological and technical requirements, such as: verification, validation, calibration, introduced by international and national regulatory documents are discussed.