BAND GAP ENGINEERING OF CRYSTAL MATERIALS: BAND GAP ESTIMATION OF SEMICONDUCTORS VIA ELECTRONEGATIVITY

We have developed empirical equations to quantitatively calculate the band gap values of binary ANB8-N and ternary ABC2 chalcopyrite semiconductors from the general viewpoint of chemical bonding processes upon electronegativity (EN). It is found that the band gap of crystal materials is essentially determined by the binding energy of chemical bonds to the bonding electrons, which can be effectively described by the average attractive abilities of two bonded atoms to their valence electrons and the delocalization degree of the valence electrons. The calculated band gap values of a large number of compounds can agree well with the available experimental data. This work provides us an efficient approach to quantitatively predict the band gap values of inorganic crystal materials on the basis of fundamental atom parameters such as EN, atomic radius, etc.

Bond energy effects on strength, cooperativity and robustness of molecular structures

A fundamental challenge in engineering biologically inspired materials and systems is the identification of molecular structures that define fundamental building blocks. Here, we report a systematic study of the effect of the energy of chemical bonds on the mechanical properties of molecular structures, specifically, their strength and robustness. By considering a simple model system of an assembly of bonds in a cluster, we demonstrate that weak bonding, as found for example in H-bonds, results in a highly cooperative behaviour where clusters of bonds operate synergistically to form relatively strong molecular clusters. The cooperative effect of bonding results in an enhanced robustness since the drop of strength owing to the loss of a bond in a larger cluster only results in a marginal reduction of the strength. Strong bonding, as found in covalent interactions such as disulphide bonds or in the backbone of proteins, results in a larger mechanical strength. However, the ability for bonds to interact cooperatively is lost, and, as a result, the overall robustness is lower since the mechanical strength hinges on individual bonds rather than a cluster of bonds. The systematic analysis presented here provides general insight into the interplay of bond energy, robustness and other geometric parameters such as bond spacing. We conclude our analysis with a correlation of structural data of natural protein structures, which confirms the conclusions derived from our study.