Synthesis based on corn fatty acid and hexamethylenediamine study of imidazolines as preservative fluids

Metal structures depending on the operating conditions, react with the aggressive part of the environment and as a result corrode. This corrosion not only leads to the loss of large amounts of money, but also to ecological problems. Corrosion processes require the development of economically efficient and environmentally safe, highly effective anti-corrosion materials. Therefore, the extension of the service life of metal equipment, the creation of corrosion inhibitors, conservation fluids and lubricants with different compositions to increase the quality and efficiency of work in production processes are promising areas. Extensive research of inhibitors as a means of protection against corrosion in conservation fluids is based on the economic and simple structure of the applied technology. Thus, when using this method, the addition of small amounts of substances with an inhibitory effect to the aggressive system, without any changes in the existing technological system is sufficient for long-term protection of the metal. Therefore, in modern times, the safest method to protect metals from corrosion is a passive protection method that provide inhibitors are widely used. Key words: conservation fluids, inhibitor, imidozalin

Ensuring Electrostatic Spark Safety for the Use of Fiberglass in the Process Pipelines, Apparatus, and Equipment

The number of the insulating materials, including fiberglass products, are widely used in the construction, industry, oil and gas facilities, agro-industrial complex, transport, and defense. When using fiberglass, like some other insulating materials, it is possible to encounter their destruction and perforation, followed by a transition to the source of double-sided corona effect. Sliding spark discharges of static electricity, capable of igniting a combustible or explosive environment, are also likely to occur. The formation of such discharges depends primarily on the electrostatic and electrical strength properties of the used materials. These parameters should be used when assessing the most dangerous consequences of the fiberglass application in the process pipelines, apparatus, and equipment under the conditions of electrification processes. Comparison of the electrostatic and electrical strength properties of the corona-forming air layer in the electrization processes with the similar indicators of non-conductive structural materials is the main criterion that determines the possibility of their perforation and the occurrence of spontaneous sliding spark discharges. Electrostatic intrinsic safety should be ensured by eliminating static electricity discharges that are capable to become the flammable substances source of ignition (materials, mixtures, products). Sliding sparks can be eliminated by managing the electrostatic load. But at the same time, the hazard of ignition by discharges would remain if they could occur. When replacing the metal element (the wall of an apparatus or vessel) electrified by a liquid (technological medium), a product made of an insulating material, including fiberglass, with similar geometric, technical, and operational parameters, it is possible to maintain the efficient protection of the metal structure by means of its grounding.

Poly(phenylene methylene)-Based Coatings for Corrosion Protection: Replacement of Additives by Use of Copolymers

Poly(phenylene methylene) (PPM) is a thermally stable, hydrophobic, fluorescent hydrocarbon polymer. Recently, blended PPM has been proposed as a valuable anti-corrosion coating material, and, in particular, rheological additives such as external plasticizers resulted crucial to prevent crack formation. Accordingly, to avoid common problems related to the use of external plasticizers, the development of PPM-related copolymer-based coatings containing n-octyloxy side chains and their anti-corrosion behavior were explored in this study. The aluminum alloy AA2024, widely employed for corrosion studies, was selected as a substrate, covered with a thin layer of a polybenzylsiloxane in order to improve adhesion between the underlying hydrophilic substrate and the top hydrophobic coating. Gratifyingly, coatings with those copolymers were free of bubbles and cracks. The n-octyloxy side-chains may be regarded to adopt the role of a bound plasticizer, as the glass transition temperature of the copolymers decreases with increasing content of alkoxy side-chains. Electrochemical corrosion tests on PPM-substituted coatings exhibited good corrosion protection of the metal surface towards a naturally aerated near-neutrally 3.5% wt.% NaCl neutral solution, providing comparable results to blended PPM formulations, previously reported. Hence, the application of rheological additives can be avoided by use of proper design copolymers.

Study of the Fixing Process of Threaded Connections By Anaerobic Materials

The article presents the study results of the anaerobic materials effect on the strength of threaded connections in the repair of machinery and equipment. Their use is the simplest, most economical and reliable method of fixing and restoring threaded connections. The basis of the anaerobic compositions is polymerization compounds of the acrylic series, most often dimethacrylic and polyalkylene glycol ethers, which are characterized by a high conversion rate into spatially cross-linked polymers. Unlike mechanical methods of fixation and recovery, anaerobic materials completely fill the space between the threads of the spiral. This significantly increases the friction between the parts of the connection, improves the protection of the metal of the interface against corrosion, increases the torque when unscrewing in relation to the tightening torque, increases the resistance of the connection to the action of vibration, shock, shock loads. For the research, anaerobic thread locks were purchased, which were tested according to the same procedure and, after 24 hours at room temperature, each connection was clamped in a vice in turn so that the head of the torque wrench captures only the top nut, which had to be unscrewed. The rate of hardening of anaerobic adhesives is influenced by the size of the gaps between the combined surfaces, temperature, cleaning quality, the nature of the coating, etc. It has been established that the presence of polymerized anaerobic materials in the contact zone of parts significantly increases the strength of the joints. The conducted studies allowed to verify in practice the conformity of the tested anaerobic clamps of threaded connections to the stated parameters, to delineate the scope of their application. So, anaerobic adhesives for fixing threaded connections allow you to fix screws, nuts, bolts and pins to protect against loosening and loosening due to vibration

Influence of Surface Pretreatment on the Hydrophobic Silane Coating on AISI 304 Steel

The influence of surface pretreatment on the integrity of Tridecafloro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyltrichlorosilane (FOTS) coating on the substrate is presented. FOTS is a hydrophobic organic compound deposited on the SS 304 surface to enhance the corrosion protection of the metal. The surface was pretreated with silicon oxide, plasma oxide and both served as adhesions before the coating was deposited on the substrate by atomic layer deposition technique. The coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscope (morphology), atomic force microscope (surface roughness). The chemical composition and bonding structure were obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Attenuated-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR). The durability of the coating in corrosive media was investigated through electrochemical polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results obtained showed that silicon oxide pre-treated steel gave a better stability and improved properties to the coating than the plasma oxide pre-treated surface, and was distinctly discussed.

Poly(Phenylene Methylene): A Multifunctional Material for Thermally Stable, Hydrophobic, Fluorescent, Corrosion-Protective Coatings

Poly(phenylene methylene) (PPM) is a thermally stable, hydrophobic, fluorescent hydrocarbon polymer. PPM has been proposed earlier to be useful as a coating material but this polymer was isolated in relevant molar masses only recently, and in large quantities. Accordingly, the preparation of coatings based on PPM and their behavior was explored in this study, with the example of the metal alloy AA2024 as a common substrate for corrosion tests. Coatings free of bubbles and cracks were obtained by hot pressing and application of the following steps: Coating on AA2024 with a layer of polybenzylsiloxane to improve the adhesion between PPM and the metal surface, the addition of polybenzylsiloxane to PPM in order to enhance the viscosity of the molten PPM, and the addition of benzyl butyl phthalate as a plasticizer. Electrochemical corrosion tests showed good protection of the metal surface towards a NaCl solution, thanks to a passive-like behavior in a wide potential window and a very low current density. Remarkably, the PPM coating also exhibited self-healing towards localized attacks, which inhibits the propagation of corrosion.

MODERN EQUIPMENT FOR REFINING AND CASTING OF STEEL AND ALLOYS IN FOUNDRY PRODUCTION

The article deals with the issues of complex technology and equipment for refining and casting steel and alloys in the foundry industry. Solutions are given that make it possible to guarantee a reduction in nonmetallic inclusions in the melt, as well as to solve a number of other related problems of foundry production, such as the introduction of a bottom blowing melt system with an inert gas; the introduction of protection of the metal stream from secondary oxidation; lining the arch of an electric arc furnace, etc. Various types of products and equipment produced by NPP Vulkan-TM are shown: blowing bottom plugs and assemblies, metering nozzles, gas-dynamic protection of the metal stream from secondary oxidation, two-arm wire-feeding machine mod. TAP 2–1 with unwinding device.Advantages of the equipment for steel casting and extra-furnace steel processing are described.

NEW-GENERATION STAINLESS STEEL SYSTEMS FOR METALLURGICAL PRODUCTION

The article deals with the development of devices for mechanization and automation of metal flow control – steel-pouring ladles sliding gates of the new generation of Vulkan-TM production, the history of their production.The various technical solutions underlying the creation of the sliding gates of the «VT» series, innovative solutions used in design of the sliding gates layouts and their competitive advantages are shown.The design and operation principle of the new development – the device for gas-dynamic protection of the metal stream from secondary oxidation is described.