LOANS SETTLEMENT AT FEDERAL INTERNATIONAL FINANCE Ltd. (FIF) BANDAR LAMPUNG CITY

There are many ways to purchase a vehicle, including a credit system. However, various problems arise in its application regarding the settlement of bad loans caused by default debtors. This study aims to analyse the efforts made by Federal International Finance Ltd. (FIF) Bandar Lampung City in resolving motor vehicle bad loans due to default debtors. This study uses empirical normative legal research methods and qualitative descriptive methods. The data is obtained from direct observations and interviews, then linked to legal regulations concerning the default problem. The results indicate that Federal International Finance Ltd. has an ideal solution to resolve bad Loans through litigation and non-litigation. Efforts to settle bad loans through non-litigation could be made by giving a subpoena to the debtor. Furthermore, the creditor could take litigation by filing a civil lawsuit against the debtor for default according to Article 1243 of the Civil Code.

Consumer protection enforcement law characteristics on civil law aspects in Indonesia

Law enforcement on consumer protection reflects the norms or rules of consumer protection law that apply in the community to be obeyed. The use of law enforcement instruments in consumer protection is a civil lawsuit that can be made by consumers, either individually or in groups, non-governmental organizations and the government. Consumer protection is something that is very important, because basically all humans are consumers. This consumer protection has been regulated in Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection (hereinafter referred to as UUPK). The purpose of this law is to balance the rights and obligations of consumers and actors so as to provide protection to both parties, even though the interests of consumers and business actors are different. This difference in interests can trigger disputes between consumers and business actors. This consumer protection law enforcement can be done in court or out of court. Law enforcement on consumer protection is currently weak and tends to weaken. This can be seen from the number of complaints, complaints and consumer disputes submitted through social media, the voices of readers and those that go to BPSK, BPKN, LPKSM and YLKI, but very few get to the court process.

Tanggung Gugat Akun Media Sosial Tanpa Identitas Asli Atas Perbuatan Melanggar Hukum

Liability (aansprakelejikeheidcausing) is a condition in which a party or a legal subject, if after committing an act of breaking the law, and losses to other parties must bear it. Unlawful acts can also be found on a social media platform, along with the types of accountability. There is a tendency for illegal acts committed by owners of social media accounts without identity because one of the social media platforms is not accompanied by verification of personal identity at the time of account creation. This unlawful act through social media accounts without real identity is an insult and defamation which is a special form of an illegal act. On the other hand, for the losses suffered by the victim, a civil suit against the law can be filed. However, due to difficulties in the civil lawsuit process, namely by not knowing the identity of the account owner. Then this can only be done if there is a final legally binding decision regarding criminal law.Keywords: Unlawful; Liability of Liability; Social Media Accounts.AbstrakTanggung gugat (Liability/aansprakelejikeheid) merupakan suatu kondisi dimana pihak atau subjek hukum apabila setelah melakukan perbuatan melanggar hukum, dan membawa kerugian bagi pihak lain, ia harus menanggungnya. Perbuatan melanggar hukum dapat pula ditemui dalam suatu platform media sosial, disertai dengan jenis tanggung gugatnya. Kecenderungan terdapatnya perbuatan melanggar hukum yang dilakukan oleh pemilik akun media sosial tanpa identitas disebabkan oleh salah satu platform media sosial tidak disertai verifikasi identitas pribadi pada saat pembuatan akun. Perbuatan melanggar hukum melalui akun media sosial tanpa identitas asli ini adalah penghinaan dan pencemaran nama baik yang merupakan bentuk khusus dari perbuatan melanggar hukum. Di sisi lain, atas kerugian yang dialami oleh korban, dapat diajukannya upaya gugatan keperdataan dengan gugatan perbuatan melanggar hukum. Namun, dikarenakan terdapatnya kesulitan dalam proses gugatan keperdataan, yaitu dengan tidak diketahuinya identitas pemilik akun. Maka hal tersebut baru dapat dilakukan apabila terdapat putusan yang berkekuatan hukum tetap mengenai hukum pidana. Kata Kunci: Perbuatan Melanggar Hukum; Tanggung Gugat; Akun Media Sosial.

RESOLUTION OF CLAIMS IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS AT DISPUTE AMONG «LIMITATION» TERMS

It is stated, that within the resolution of claims in criminal proceedings, the relevant provisions of other branches of law (in particular, civil and civil procedural) should be applied in their close connection with criminal procedural and substantive norms. The position on the need to ignore the statute of limitations for criminal liability within the consideration of a civil lawsuit, has been criticized. It is also substantiated, that within the consideration of a civil lawsuit, both the statute of limitations and the statute of limitations for criminal liability should be taken into consideration. It is proved, that in process of setting the statute of limitations and the statute of limitations for criminal liability, the legislator was guided by different goals, wanted to achieve different interests, was «bound» by various restrictions. It is argued, that the statute of limitations for criminal liability and the statute of limitations are different in their nature, they arise under different legal relationships, they differs by the grounds for their arisen. The position of the Supreme Court, under which within the consideration of a civil lawsuit in criminal proceedings the court is not entitled to make a decision to refuse to satisfy it due to the expiration of the statute of limitations under the Civil Code of Ukraine, has been criticized. It is argued, that in order for a violated right to be protected within the consideration of a joint (civil) lawsuit, it is required, at least, that: a) since the day of the criminal offense committing and until the entry into the legal force of the sentence, the statute of limitations for criminal prosecution has not expired; b) the claim for protection of a civil right or interest may be satisfied within the limitation period (the exception is legal relations to which the statute of limitations does not apply).

Implementasi Pelaksanaan Eksekusi Jaminan Fidusia Berdasarkan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 18/Puu-Xvii/2019 Tentang Jaminan Fidusia (Studi Pada Koperasi Wahidiyah Ta’Awun Kepanjen Malang)

This study want to identify and analyze directly the implementation of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 18 / PUU-XVII / 2019 regarding the Fiduciary Guarantee Execution and to find out how the default settlement procedure in credit agreements in cooperatives with Fiduciary Guarantee and the obstacles faced in the process of executing fiduciary guarantees. This research is the result of field research field research, the formulation of the problem examined is how the fiduciary guarantee execution mechanism in the Constitutional Court decision No.18 / PUU-XVII / 2019 and how the implementation of fiduciary guarantee execution after the MK decision No.18 / PUU-XVII / 2019 at the Wahidiyah Ta'awun Union Kepanjen. Before the issuance of the Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 18 / PUU-XVII / 2019, the execution of guarantees for debtors who have defaulted is regulated under Articles 29 to Article 34 of Law Number 42 of 1999 concerning the Execution of Fiduciary Collateral. After the Constitutional Court Decision, the execution of fiduciary guarantees is carried out by negotiation and mutual agreement of the default, if there is no agreement between the Debtor and the Cooperative Management, then the applicable legal procedure must be carried out, namely a civil lawsuit in court.

Is One Health a Viable Strategy in Animal Health Litigation: Evidence from Civil Lawsuits in China

Several litigation strategies are used to gain support from courts in order to protect animals. While the emerging litigation strategy themed in One Health stimulates judicial protection in the animal health sector, little is known about whether and how such strategies are supported by courts. In this article, we investigate how animal welfare litigation strategies influence judge’s choices within their discretion. We argue that litigators equipped with the litigation strategy themed in One Health are placed in an advantageous position in animal health cases, but that this tendency varies markedly across zoonoses. Specifically, we suggest that litigators utilizing One Health’s litigation strategy are associated with higher probabilities to win, whereas normal litigators are not. Further, we propose that litigators equipped with the One Health litigation strategy are awarded more damages from judges. We test and find support for our predictions using a cross sectional dataset of civil lawsuit cases centering on the animal health industry in Chinese mainland. Our findings indicate that courts indeed were persuaded by the One Health litigation strategy, even when bound by the discretion rules. At the same time, we suggest that for advocates who would like to litigate for animal welfare in the animal health sector, the litigation strategy themed in One Health might have potentially positive implications.

PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA KORPORASI DALAM TINDAK PIDANA LINGKUNGAN HIDUP BERDASARKAN ASAS STRICT LIABILITY (STUDI KASUS PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN OLEH PT. RAYON UTAMA MAKMUR (RUM) KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO)

<p>Abstract<br />Criminal act formulated in Environmental Protection Law Number 32 Year 2009 still contains an element of error (mens rea) as the main element that must be proven. In the case of environmental criminal acts committed by corporations, it is difficult to prove the causal relationship of the element of error with the criminal law act (actus reus). The strict liability doctrine can be applied as a basis for corporate criminal responsibility that commits environmental crimes by revising criminal provisions in environmental law (UUPPLH) by removing mens rea element, because the current UUPPLH only provides a basis for implementing strict liability in settling disputes through courts with a civil lawsuit mechanism. The expansion of the principle of strict liability in criminal law will more effectively impose corporate criminal responsibility, including in this paper the case of environmental pollution by PT. Rayon Utama Makmur (RUM) Sukoharjo.<br /><br /></p><p>Abstrak<br />Perumusan tindak pidana dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup masih mengandung unsur kesalahan (mens rea) sebagai unsur pokok yang harus dibuktikan. Dalam kasus tindak pidana lingkungan yang dilakukan korporasi sulit untuk membuktikan hubungan kausal unsur kesalahan tersebut dengan perbuatan hukum pidana (actus reus). Doktrin strict liability dapat diterapkan sebagai dasar pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi yang melakukan tindak pidana lingkungan hidup dengan cara merevisi ketentuan pidana dalam hukum lingkungan (UUPPLH) dengan menghapus unsur kesalahan, karena UUPPLH saat ini hanya memberikan dasar penerapan strict liability dalam penyelesaian sengketa melalui pengadilan dengan mekanisme gugatan perdata. Perluasan asas strict liability dalam ranah pidana akan membebankan pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi secara lebih efektif, termasuk dalam makalah ini kasus pencemaran lingkungan oleh PT. Rayon Utama Makmur (RUM) Sukoharjo. <br /><br /></p>

Significancy and Subtancy of Civil Suit Compensation in Corruption Case where the Defendant was Acquitted by Judge

The spirit of Article 32 paragraph (2) of UU 31 / 1999 jo. UU 20 / 2001 means the country can use its right to a civil action for compensation for financial loss recovery state. The rationale for setting lawsuit replace losses in the article that indicates that in order to restore the country's financial losses due to corruption is not enough only in lean to the norms of criminal law. If the UU 31 / 1999 jo. UU 20/2001 categorized as Criminal Laws, then the regulation of a civil lawsuit in the Law, shows that a Prevailing Law may contain aspects of both criminal law and civil law. The study is the study of law by using the approach of Legislation, conceptual and historical approach. The results were obtained from studies of this are: 1) The specificity handling of corruption judging from the way the settlement; 2) The meaning and essence of civil suit for damages in the enforcement of the law on corruption. The civil lawsuit instrument is intended to maximize the return on state financial losses, because criminal efforts do not always succeed in recovering the entire state financial losses. The limitations of criminal law make criminal law instruments not the only one to solve the problem of returning state finances due to criminal acts of corruption.

IMPLEMENTASI PELAKSANAAN DWANGSOM (UANG PAKSA) DALAM GUGATAN PERDATA

This study is entitled "Implementation of Dwangsom (Forced Money) Implementation in Civil Lawsuit". The main or core issue to be examined is how effective the application of dwangsom (forced money) in a civil suit. This research is an empirical legal research law that describes the results of research on the applicable law in the community that is legal research conducted by collecting data with field studies. Based on the results of research and analysis conducted, a conclusion can be drawn that the application of dwangsom (forced money) in a civil lawsuit is not fully effective, because in some decisions that have been analyzed as a general study, dwangsom (forced money) is a demand in the form of payment in the form of money, excluding disputes in any civil lawsuits in its application not found in the implementing regulations. So dwangsom (forced money) which had been expected as a formula to force the defendant who was convicted to obey the judge's verdict is absolutely not enforceable. Therefore it is very important to make rules about the implementation of dwangsom (forced money).Keywords: Civil Lawsuit, Enforcement, Forced Money.AbstrakPenelitian ini berjudul “Implementasi Pelaksanaan Dwangsom (Uang Paksa) dalam Gugatan Perdata”. Permasalahan pokok atau inti yang hendak dikaji adalah bagaimanakah efektivitas penerapan dwangsom (uang paksa) dalam gugatan perdata. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum yuridis empiris atau penelitian hukum yang menggambarkan hasil penelitian tentang hukum yang berlaku dimasyarakat yaitu penelitian hukum yang dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan data-data dengan studi lapangan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan analisis yang dilakukan, dapat ditarik sebuah kesimpulan bahwasanya penerapan dwangsom (uang paksa) dalam gugatan perdata itu tidak sepenuhnya efektif dilaksanakan, karena dalam beberapa putusan yang telah di analisis menjadi sebuah penelitian secara gambaran umum, dwangsom (uang paksa) merupakan tuntutan berupa pembayaran berupa uang, diluar dari perselisihan dalam setiap gugatan perdata dalam penerapannya tidak ditemukan dalam peraturan pelaksanaannya. Sehingga dwangsom (uang paksa) yang telah diharapkan sebagai formula untuk memaksa tergugat yang terhukum untuk mematuhi amar putusan hakim yang sama sekali tidak dapat dilaksanakan. Oleh sebab itu sangat penting dibuat peraturan tentang pelaksanaan dwangsom (uang paksa) itu.Kata Kunci: Gugatan Perdata, Pelaksanaan , Uang Paksa.

Praktik Pemberian Salinan Akta Oleh Notaris Yang Minuta Aktanya Belum Ditanda Tangani Secara Lengkap

<p><em>In the routine inspection of the Padang Notary Regional Supervisory Council in 2019, according to his authority in Article 70 letter b UUJN 5 (five) findings of violations were found in the routine inspection of the Notary protocol where there was a violation in the form of incomplete signature of the notary deed. The formulation of this research is why in practice there was a giving of a copy of an act by a notary whose minutes of the deed had not been signed entirely and how the legal consequences of granting a copy of the deed by a notary whose minutes of the act had not been approved in full. This research is analytical descriptive research. Notary Deed has perfect proof of strength in a civil lawsuit, but if it violates specific provisions, the value of the evidence will be degraded to the strength of evidence as a deed under the hand. A notary who is proven to have made a mistake resulting in the act he made only has the power of proof as a deed under the side or even the deed is null and void by law, it will cause harm to the parties.</em><em></em></p>