Emotional Distraction by Constant Finger Tapping

This study examined the effects of emotional distraction in the context of recalling stressful interpersonal events in daily life. Previous studies have revealed that distraction decreases unpleasant emotions. In this study, we examined whether distraction tasks decrease unpleasant task-related thoughts in addition to unpleasant emotions. Furthermore, to investigate the implicit effects of emotional changes, we examined changes in pupil size in relation to unpleasant emotions and task-unrelated thoughts (TUT). The behavioral tasks were administered to 21 university students ( Mage = 21.24 ± 2.93 years; range: 18–30 years). After excluding participants for poor data quality, 16 (21.31 ± 3.34 years; 18–30 years) were included for further pupil data analysis. As an emotion induction procedure, participants were asked to freely recall memories of stressful interpersonal events in their daily lives and were given a series of questions about their recalled memories, which were presented on the monitor. In the following distraction experiment, questions during the emotion induction procedure were represented as emotional stimulation; a distraction task (non-constant or constant finger tapping) or rest condition was then performed; subsequently, ratings were given for attentional state, thought types conceived during the tasks, and emotional state. Upon analysis, differences in the ratings for unpleasant emotion and TUT were non-significant between all conditions. Nevertheless, pupil dilation in the non-constant and constant conditions was associated with decreased unpleasant emotions ( p < .05; p < .05 to .01). More importantly, pupil dilation was associated with decreased unpleasant TUT ( p < .05) only in the constant condition. Although the observed effects were subtle, we found that constant finger tapping decreased unpleasant emotions and TUT. It is expected for a future emotion regulation study to further investigate the effects in the relationships among emotions, thoughts, and physiological states, which can help in coping with unpleasant emotions.

EVALUATION OF PSYCHO-SOCIAL FACTORS OF FEAR

Fear is part of the life and existence of any culture or individual. Over the years, the object of fear in a society and the strategies to combat it may change, but the expectation that people can be completely free from fear is simply an utopia. Different branches of psychology always tried to find distinguished explanations for the methods of originating and overcoming fear, although the fact is one, fear arises where there is a lack of individual’s personal maturity. When a person avoids every new life experience and does not try to move to a new stage of growth, it all accumulates in him/her in the form of fear and the individual experiences developmental fixation. It is also interesting to talk about the differences that exist between fear and anxiety, as these two emotions are often interrelated. If we refer to Barlow, fear differs from anxiety in that, fear is present-oriented and relatively certain, rather than future-oriented and relatively uncertain. Uncertainty not only increases anxiety levels, but is also responsible for a person’s various mental disorders. That is why, in the current situation in the world, when the Covid-19 pandemic affected the life of each individual, it is important to focus on the fear of the unknown situation caused by uncertainty. Usually, people want to control the present because with this they also want to take control over the future. In order to know what we are afraid of; it is necessary for a person to have insight by approaching the problem with consciousness and asking the questions to himself/herself. People in general have tendency to imagine a harsh scenario of the expected consequences of the future, which in many cases is completely far from the reality. It is fact that in case of having „apocalyptic" thoughts it becomes impossible to deal with fear. In the end, those who fearlessly „approach" this mentioned unpleasant emotion win the battle of overcoming fear.

LA CLINICA DEI DISTURBI DEL COMPORTAMENTO ALIMENTARE: L’INTERVENTO PSICOLOGICO°

Eating disorders represent a field of investigation and intervention of considerable interest for psychology. This is an extraordinarily complex area. When working with these patients, it is crucial to consider a multifactorial etiopathogenetic framework. As anyone who has ever worked with eating disorder will know, the words “challenge” and “body image” have a particularly important role, both in research and clinical practice. appearance. Of all other Eating Disorders, Anorexia Nervosa (AN) will be presented today. Its prevalence ranges between 0,28% and 1%, with a high mortality rate and its onset is related to the presence of a multiplicity of genetic, neurobiological and psychosocial interrelated factors. One fundamental question is: what are the objectives to achieve for each specific individual who show AN symptoms? Treatment should be directed towards as many areas as possible in order to increase the chances of success and ensure the patient’s greater psychophysical well-being. A collaborative work between nutritionists, physicians, psychologists, psychiatrists, patients themselves and their families, could turn the cure into an aesthetic, ethical and political experience. The narration of their own personal experiences is an essential moment in the treatment of patients with eating disorders. Keeping in mind that the restrictive eating behavior, which is typical in AN, seems aimed at avoiding unpleasant emotion and that the real expert of the disorder is always the patient himself, it is essential to build a relationship that promotes change.

Is shame managed through mind-wandering?

Shame is a notoriously unpleasant emotion, and although claims about the mechanisms through which we might manage it are none too scarce, relatively little empirical evidence is available concerning how people tend to cope with it. As such, the present study sought to investigate the effects of shame on mind-wandering. To do this, 120 participants were recruited and systematically assigned to one of the three groups, namely shame, pride, or control condition, and traits shame and self-compassion were measured for each participant. In order to assess the frequency of the incidents of mind-wandering, the participants were asked to recall a personal experience of shame or pride and then a reading task of few pages of geography followed. The duration participants spent on the reading task, their scores on a reading comprehension test, their self-reported frequency of mind-wandering, and their reported number of unrelated thoughts during the recall were used as a measure of mind-wandering. The results demonstrated that participants in the shame condition did not differ from those in the pride and control conditions in terms of mind-wandering. In spite of that, participants who had initially scored higher on trait shame (i.e., suffered from chronic shame) reported a significantly higher frequency of mind-wandering. This being the result, the underlying reasons for, and implications of, the findings were discussed.

The effects of peripheral service quality on spectators’ emotions and behavioural intentions

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impacts of peripheral service quality on football match spectators’ emotions and behavioural intention. Design/methodology/approach Data were obtained from a survey of 342 spectators of professional league football in Malaysia and analysed using the partial least squares technique. Findings The results illustrated the significant role of both pleasant and unpleasant emotions in forming spectators’ behavioural intentions. Furthermore, they demonstrated that the drivers of pleasant and unpleasant emotions are different. While entertainment, electronic devices and stadium announcers have positive effects on pleasant emotion, facilities and electronic devices have negative effects on unpleasant emotion. Entertainment, electronic devices and stadium announcers have indirect effects on behavioural intentions through pleasant emotions. Unpleasant emotions mediated the effects of facilities and electronic devices on behavioural intentions. Originality/value The findings of this study suggest that football marketers must understand the crucial role of peripheral service quality and spectators’ emotions. Through stimulating pleasant emotions in spectators and preventing unpleasant emotions from arising, football marketers can ensure that these spectators will attend football stadiums.

Tingkat kecemasan mahasiswa bimbingan dan konseling dalam menyusun skripsi

<p>This research is motivated by the existence of guidance and counseling students who feel anxious in preparing a essay. Anxiety is an unpleasant emotion that is characterized by worries and helplessness towards something that will happen in the future. The purpose of the reasearch was to describe the level of anxiety of guidance and counseling students in compiling the essay. Type of research is descriptive. The research subjects were 27 students. Data were analyzed by percentage techniques. The research findings reveal the level of anxiety of guidance and counseling students in compiling the essay is in the high category.</p>

The Effect of a Pseudo Winning or Losing Streak on Mental Attitudes and the Evaluation of Results

Although human motivation has been well studied, studies manipulating human motivation are scarce. The present study aimed to induce the hot-hand phenomenon using a pseudo success situation. Under the framework of the two-factor theory of emotion, we investigated the effect of a deviant situation, such as continuously winning or losing, on mental attitudes and the evaluation of the results using the contingent-negative variation (CNV) and feedback-locked P3 (FB-P3). The CNV is a neural activity that reflects emotional expectations and motoric preparation. The FB-P3 is a neural activity that is induced by external feedback. Fifteen participants performed an S1-S2 reaction time task with an opponent in the following three competitive conditions: actual feedback (feedback is contingent on performance), winning streak (WS; tendency to win regardless of performance), and losing streak (LS; tendency to lose regardless of performance). Each condition was characterized by the winning rate (49.26%, 80%, and 20%). Moreover, a principal component analysis was performed on the CNV data to determine the distinct temporal neural activity. The principal component analysis identified three components (auditory P2, early CNV, and late CNV) in the original CNV. The auditory P2 and the occurrence of pleasant emotions were higher in the WS condition than in the LS condition. However, the early CNV, late CNV, and FB-P3 were higher in the LS condition than in the WS condition. These findings confirmed that the losing streak situation induced an unpleasant emotion. However, the losing streak situation appeared to improve the mental attitude to prepare for faster responses and enhance the interest in the results.

PENGARUH KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL DALAM MENURUNKAN PROBLEM TEKANAN EMOSI BERBASIS GENDER

<p class="IIABSTRAK333"><span lang="IN">This research seeks to investigate the contribution interpersonal communication to reduce emotion problem pressure college student in IAIN special programme. Five major dimension of interpersonal com­munication are openness, emphaty, supportiveness, positiveness and equality, were derived from a humanistic perception. Emotion problem pressure was defined in term pleasant and unpleasant emotion, besides from four conditional are stimulate, feelness, internal responshipness and behavior types. Sixty six subjects were involved in study, subject were devided into three programmes, 17 subject PKPA, 24 subject FUPK-TH and 25 subject FUPK-TP. To find the contribution between interpersonal communication and emotion problem pressure it used simple regression method, and different effect variables using t-test method. The result of this study shows that interpersonal communication has a real effect to reduce emotion problem pressure (Fh = 7,966 &gt; Ft = 6,302, p = 0,05; R² = 0,910), the contribution variation of interpersonal communication is high (91,0%) and 0,9 explained by other variation models in independent variable. The contribution effect, male is higher than female (t_m = 16,065 &gt; t_f = 11,660). In conclusion, interpersonal communication has the contri­bution effect to reduce emotion problem pressure of callege student in IAIN special programme.</span></p>