Problems and prospects for the development of 1C educational complexes on history

The article analyzes the problems caused by the adoption of the Historical and Cultural Standard and the emergence of electronic versions of history textbooks, which raised the question of the effectiveness of the use of educational complexes of the 1C company at history lessons. In order to answer this question, the article discusses the materials of the theme “The Patriotic War of 1812”. Based on the results of the comparative analysis, it is concluded that the electronic applications of history textbooks can significantly complement, but not replace, the 1C educational complexes. However, this does not mean that these complexes do not need changes. The article outlines the main directions for improving the 1C educational complexes: to develop the content of the manuals in accordance with the Historical and Cultural Standard, to form a complete set of training materials (documents, dictionary articles, illustrations, interactive schemes, animated maps and presentations) for each period, providing their competent methodological support. It is important to create a full line of educational complexes covering all periods of domestic and foreign history. Particular attention is paid to the relevance of the use of the 1C educational complexes in blended learning.

Complexity Level of People Gathering Presentation on an Animated Map—Objective Effectiveness Versus Expert Opinion

The aim of the following study was to present three alternative methods of visualization on animated maps illustrating the movement of people gathered at an open-air event recorded on photographs taken by a drone. The effectiveness of an orthorectified low-level aerial image (a so-called orthophoto), a dot distribution map, and a buffer map was tested in an experiment featuring experts, and key significance was attached to the juxtaposition of objective responses with subjective opinions. The results of the study enabled its authors to draw conclusions regarding the importance of visualizing topographic references (stable objects) and people (mobile objects) and the usefulness of the particular elements of animated maps for their analysis and interpretation.

Mapping routine malaria incidence at village level for targeted control in Papua New Guinea

Malaria surveillance and response-systems are essential for identifying the areas most affected by malaria and for targeting interventions and optimising resources. This study aimed to assess whether the visualisation of routinely collected health facility data linked to village of residence provides evidence for targeting control interventions in four sentinel health facilities in Papua New Guinea. A video format was used to visualise the dynamics in case incidence over time and space alongside photographs illustrating the context of the data collection in the study sites. Incidence changes overtime were illustrated in animated maps. Despite limitations, this approach appeared useful in sites with very few remaining cases or with increasingly marked heterogeneity. Villages that could benefit from targeted interventions or investigations were identified.

Mapping dynamic, non-Euclidean spaces

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Space is often described as a dynamic entity in human geographic theory, one that resists being pinned down to static representations. Co-produced in and through relations between various things and phenomena, space in these accounts is variously described as being contingent, processual, plastic, relational, situated, topological, and uneven. In contrast, most cartographic methods and tools are based on static, Euclidean understandings of space that can be reduced to a simple, mathematical description. In this work, I explore how cartography can deal with space as a dynamic and fluid concept that is entangled with the phenomena and objects being mapped. To those ends, I describe a method for creating animated maps based on relational understandings of space that are always in flux.</p><p>This work builds on research in collaboration with Luke Bergmann, where we suggest a move from Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as we commonly know them to the broader realm of <i>geographical imagination systems (gis)</i> that are informed by spatial theory in human geography. The animated maps here are produced using our prototype <i>gis</i> software Enfolding, which use multidimensional scaling (MDS) to visualize relational spaces, in combination with Blender, an open-source 3D rendering program. Written in JavaScript and available as open source software, Enfolding is our first attempt to make gis an accessible set of tools that expand the possibilities for mapping by providing new grammars for creative cartographic practices.</p><p>In the cartographic workflow presented here, I use Enfolding to produce manifolds from a set of points and user-defined distances between points. Changing those measures of distance &amp;ndash; which might represent travel times, affective connections, communicative links, or any other relationship as defined by a user &amp;ndash; produces shifting manifolds. Using the .obj export option in Enfolding, I then import the manifolds into Blender, using them as animation keyframes. In Figure 1, I have added a digital elevation model (DEM) to the 3D figure, producing an animated visualization of a dynamic and relational space that includes a hillshade.</p><p>This workflow represents only one of many creative possibilities for innovative cartographic practices that engage with space as a matter of concern. With growing interest in 3D cartographic methods comes expanded possibilities for visualizing dynamic and relational spaces. Combining conceptual antecedents in both human and quantitative geography with current cartographic methods allows for new approaches to both mapping and space. The workflow and tools that have emerged from this research are presented here with the hope of spurring creative and exploratory cartographic work that draws from but also contributes to vibrant discussions in spatial theory and creative cartography.</p>

Advanced Cartographic Techniques for Making Sense of Big Dynamic Data

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> We have demonstrated application of advanced cartographic approaches to visualization of the U.S. electric grid. To address the challenges of high cognitive load of animated maps, we have applied an approach to combine data preprocessing, event detection, and several advanced cartographic techniques. In the future, the proposed methodology can be generalized to other types of dynamic big data.</p>

Creating and evaluating web-based visualizations of multi-dimensional spatiotemporal data

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In this article, we present a method for visualizing multi-dimensional spatio-temporal data in an interactive web-based geovisualization. Our case study focuses on publicly available weather data in Germany. After processing the data with Python and desktop GIS, we integrated the data as web services in a browser-based application. This application displays several weather parameters with different types of visualisations, such as static maps, animated maps and charts. The usability of the web-based geovisualization was evaluated with a free-examination and a goal-directed task, using eye-tracking analysis. The evaluation focused on the question how people use static maps, animated maps and charts, dependent on different tasks. The results suggest that visualization elements such as animated maps, static maps and charts are particularly useful for certain types of tasks, and that more answering time correlates with less accurate answers.</p>

The use of non-traditional visual means of education in the formation of meteorological and climatic concepts in school geography

The purpose of this article is to highlight the methodology of formation the meteorological and climatic concepts in school geography through the use of new teaching tools. Main material. The article describes visual methods of meteorological and climatic concepts formation in the course of school geography. Unconventional visual tools to be used in learning the following concepts at school: animated maps, dynamic schema, climate diagrams, logic model are considered in the article. The experience of teaching the weather and climate, analyzing the basic concepts that are diffi cult to assimilate by students has been described. Analysis of psychological and age features of school students, their interest in studying these subjects as well as the experience of using animation in the study of school geography, positive and negative factors of animation manuals are outlined. It is shown how to use animation at the lessons of formation of meteorological and climatic concepts. The options for its use at the lessons on the study of weather and climate have been proposed. The possibility of further use of the developed materials in the classroom and in extracurricular activities of secondary schools has been shown. Conclusions and prospects for further research. The use of new visual tools for the formation of meteorological and climatic concepts in the classroom of school geography may interest pupils in the study of new topics. This not only develops pupils’ ideas, but also establishes a logical link between the phenomena. The advantages of using the proposed means of education over traditional means, in our opinion, are signifi cant. But the study of the teachers’ experience shows that very few of them use the latest tools and for various reasons prefer traditional means of education. The reason may be that the new tools require much more time to prepare than the traditional tools. This applies primarily to the creation of new animated maps, dynamic diagrams, search for new information. In the future, we will develop didactic tools linking specifi c types of climate and their graphical representations with the corresponding landscapes of continents.

Continuous or discontinuous? Empirical study on animated maps

Advancements in computer technology that have occurred in recent decades have enabled an intensive development in cartographic methods for direct representation of phenomena dynamics. Even with the appearance of ever more advanced technical solutions, the theoretical basis still needs supplementing. The previous cartographic literature emphasises the importance of congruence and isomorphism principles preservation that aims at increasing the effectiveness of dynamic displays. Nevertheless, it is frequently the case that discontinuous phenomena are depicted with the use of smooth transitions. For this reason, it is vital that experimental research should lead to defining which representation methods are appropriate for a given type of content. Our study was focused on the cartographic design of scene transitions in animated maps. Two main conclusions of the research indicate that 1) mode of transition influences the interpretation of the content of cartographic animation depicting discrete changes, 2) maps executed in a smooth mode demonstrate lower effectiveness when compared with animations using an abrupt and abrupt with decay effect transitions.