scholarly journals Complexity Level of People Gathering Presentation on an Animated Map—Objective Effectiveness Versus Expert Opinion

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Medyńska-Gulij ◽  
Łukasz Wielebski ◽  
Łukasz Halik ◽  
Maciej Smaczyński
Keyword(s):  
Expert Opinion ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Aerial Image ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Complexity Level ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Mobile Objects ◽  
Animated Maps

The aim of the following study was to present three alternative methods of visualization on animated maps illustrating the movement of people gathered at an open-air event recorded on photographs taken by a drone. The effectiveness of an orthorectified low-level aerial image (a so-called orthophoto), a dot distribution map, and a buffer map was tested in an experiment featuring experts, and key significance was attached to the juxtaposition of objective responses with subjective opinions. The results of the study enabled its authors to draw conclusions regarding the importance of visualizing topographic references (stable objects) and people (mobile objects) and the usefulness of the particular elements of animated maps for their analysis and interpretation.

scholarly journals Guidelines in Gastroenterology: Careful Interpretation Is Essential

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Catarina Correia ◽  
Nuno Almeida ◽  
Pedro Narra Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Expert Opinion ◽  
North American ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Improve Patient Care ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Improve Patient

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Clinical practice guidelines (CPG) contain recommendations that aim to guide physicians in the diagnosis of and therapeutic approach toward patients affected by gastrointestinal (GI) pathologies. These CPG systematically combine scientific evidence and clinical judgment, culminating in recommendations that have been shown to improve patient care. <b><i>Material and Methods:</i></b> European and North American guidelines published in the area of gastroenterology in 2018 and 2019 were considered for inclusion. To standardize the results, only guidelines that used GRADE as an evidence system were included. Thus, in the end, 1,233 recommendations from 29 guidelines published between 2018 and 2019 were analyzed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the 1,233 recommendations collected, 324 (26.3%) had a low level of evidence and 127 (10.3%) had a very low level of evidence, indicating little evidence or expert opinion. Of the 29 publications analyzed, 14 (48.3%) did not present any recommendation with a high level of evidence. Regarding the 1,233 individual recommendations expressed in these 29 publications, only 336 (27.25%) assumed a high level of evidence, with 277 (82.44%) referring to liver pathology. Of the recommendations evaluated, 77 were from North American societies and the remaining 1,156 were European recommendations. In relation to the first group, only 3 (3.9%) had a high level of evidence belonging to the Guidelines for Sedation and Anesthesia in GI Endoscopy. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> More than 25% of all recommendations currently accepted to guide patients with gastroenterological disorders are based on low-quality evidence or expert opinion. Thus, these documents should guide our performance, but clinical sense and multidisciplinarity must not be overlooked in dubious cases and with weak scientific evidence. Research should focus on the development of randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews to improve the evidence supporting the guidelines that guide clinical practice.

scholarly journals FRI0071 ANALYSIS OF DATA GAPS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 612.2-612
Author(s):  
G. Candelas ◽  
L. Silva-Fernández ◽  
M. Montoro ◽  
A. Hernández ◽  
J. R. Maneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Expert Opinion ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Levels Of Evidence ◽  
Data Gaps ◽  
Grade Of Recommendation

Background:Although ideally Recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) should be supported by the highest level of evidence, many of which are based on “expert opinion”. This means that there are knowledge gaps to which a part of the research efforts in this disease should be directed.Objectives:1.- Analyze the causes of the low level of evidence in some of the recommendations on diagnosis and management of RA in the main published documents2.- Identify the knowledge gaps that justify said low level of evidence3.- Design actions to respond to the knowledge gaps identified.Methods:Qualitative study. A group of six experts in systematic review of the literature was selected. Fourteen documents of national and international recommendations on RA (EULAR, ACR and SER) of the last 5 years were analyzed by a peer review. They selected recommendations with low level of evidence (Oxford 4 and 5) / grade of recommendation (C and D), and classified by areas (diagnosis, monitoring, treatment, others) and then possible causes of low level of evidence were analyzed. These were submitted to a Delphi to select the 10 recommendations in which participants considered it more critical to obtain quality evidence. Subsequently, actions were proposed to improve the levels of evidence in general and, through the PICOS structure (population, intervention, comparator, study design) specific studies were proposed to respond to the issues raised in these 10 recommendationsResults:185 recommendations were found that had a low level of evidence / grade of recommendation, most related to the treatment of RA. The two most frequent causes of this low level of evidence and / or the degree of recommendation were the absence of studies and an incorrect classification of the level of evidence and / or degree of recommendation. In addition, other reasons and methodological barriers were found for which nine critical recommendations were finally selected for which new PICOs were developed with which to propose targeted research projectsConclusion:It is necessary to improve the methodological approach in the RA recommendations guidelines to correct errors and fill gaps with appropriate studies.Table 1.Actions to increase the level of evidence / recommendation.#Action1Prioritization of research towards knowledge gaps with the design and development of specific studies2Increase knowledge of experts in the methodology of consensus documents (including RSL, formulation of recommendations, etc.)3Supervision of the entire process by expert methodologists, to ensure a correct allocation of the levels of evidence and degree of recommendation4Review and select those topics that are really of interest and should be reviewed and can be answered5Expert opinion should never become a recommendation, but will be included in the text that accompanies that recommendation.6Clear syntax will be used and short recommendations will be made7Establishment and application of homogeneous criteria to formulate recommendationsKey words: Rheumatoid arthritis, recommendations, data gapsDisclosure of Interests:gloria candelas: None declared, Lucía Silva-Fernández: None declared, Maria Montoro Employee of: Pfizer employee, Abad Hernández: None declared, Jose Ramón Maneiro: None declared, Virginia Villaverde: None declared, Loreto Carmona Grant/research support from: Novartis Farmaceutica, SA, Pfizer, S.L.U., Merck Sharp & Dohme España, S.A., Roche Farma, S.A, Sanofi Aventis, AbbVie Spain, S.L.U., and Laboratorios Gebro Pharma, SA (All trhough institution), Estíbaliz Loza Grant/research support from: Roche, Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD, Novartis, Gebro, Adacap, Astellas, BMS, Lylly, Sanofi, Eisai, Leo, Sobi, Susana Gómez Employee of: Pfizer employee, Monica Valderrama Consultant of: Pfizer employee, Ana Ortiz: None declared

Pilot Testing Reveals Alternative Methods to Meet Wisconsin’s Low Level Phosphorus Limits

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (10) ◽  
pp. 3238-3252
Author(s):  
Rachel M Lee ◽  
Jane M Carlson ◽  
Jeremy Bril ◽  
Jeremy Cramer ◽  
Jeff Harenda
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Pilot Testing ◽  
Low Level

Non-FEA-Based Method as Means for Knowledge Based Assessment of Perceived Quality

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ola Wagersten ◽  
Casper Wickman ◽  
Rikard Söderberg
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Quality ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Deformation Method ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Geometrical Variation ◽  
Early Phases

Fit and finish of vehicle split-lines is one important contributor to the final Perceived Quality (PQ) of the product. To achieve high PQ of split-lines, effects of geometrical variation has to be considered. In early phases of the development chain the geometry models used for simulation and visualization have low level of detail. This limits the possibility to perform certain simulations that rely on a more complete detailed design. Consequently, alternative methods have to be considered to predict and simulate possible outcome in early phases concerning PQ issues. This paper proposes how an existing non-FEA-based deformation method can support virtual assessment of the PQ of split-lines in early phases. The method is based on mesh morphing and has been implemented in a CAT-tool (Computer-Aided Tolerancing). Its strength lies in the simplicity of generating deformed shapes. The paper specifically focuses on how available knowledge regarding issues from previous projects can be used as input to the method, to predict part deviation and part behavior. The paper further presents industrial examples where the method has been applied. The results show that the proposed technique can be used as a complement to other simulation tools in early phases, where low level of detail on geometries limits the possibility to perform FEA (Finite Element Analysis) based simulations.

scholarly journals Quality of wind characteristics in recent wind atlases over the North Sea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Kalverla ◽  
Albert A. M. Holtslag ◽  
Reinder J. Ronda ◽  
Gert-Jan Steeneveld
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The North ◽  
Engineering Models ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Wind Climate ◽  
Low Level Jets ◽  
Low Level Jet

&lt;p&gt;Many wind energy applications rely on engineering models that simulate the interaction between the wind and the turbine(s). These models often represent the wind in an idealised fashion, which introduces uncertainties that translate into financial risk for investors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Over the past four years, we investigated these uncertainties by re-evaluating common assumptions about the (offshore) wind field, studying the physics that govern winds in coastal areas, evaluating the representation of offshore winds in weather models, and proposing alternative methods to represent the offshore wind climate in engineering models.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Uncertainties in the wind climate were studied through a number of &amp;#8216;anomalous wind events&amp;#8217;. An important and illustrative example is the low-level jet, which can substantially impact power production and wind loads on the turbine. We found that low-level jets occur often over the North Sea. Moreover, numerical weather prediction models struggle to adequately represent this phenomenon. A climatology based only on observations is also biased, because the observations are limited in time and space. Thus, we combined field observations with output of reanalysis products to obtain a reliable climatology.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;At the 2020 general assembly, we will present a new evaluation of three recent wind atlases over the North Sea: ERA5, The New European Wind Atlas (NEWA), and the Dutch Offshore Wind Atals (DOWA). With virtually no bias, DOWA outperforms the other datasets in terms of the mean wind profile and also in the representation of wind shear. The high resolution offered by DOWA (2.5 km) and NEWA (3 km) leads to substantial improvements in the frequency and the level of detail with which low-level jets are captured. However, the timing of the events is a bit off in NEWA. By contrast, DOWA was produced using continuous three-hourly data-assimilation updates, which imposes a much stronger constraint on the simulations. Consequently, the timing of low-level jets in DOWA is much better represented. This makes for a low-level jet climatology with unprecedented accuracy and detail, facilitating resource assessment and future studies on the characteristics of the offshore wind climate.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI KESEHATAN BAGI TINGKAT KEPATUHAN PASIEN INSTALASI REHABILITASI MEDIK RSUP PROF. KANDOU MANADO

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Felicia Febrina Aotama ◽  
Apriles Apnimus Mandome
Keyword(s):  
Health Communication ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Expert Opinion ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Important Solution ◽  
Three Stages

<p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Kepatuhan seorang pasien sangat berperan besar dalam proses kesembuhan. Namun demikian dalam kenyataannya, tingkat kepatuhan pasien justru sangat kurang atau rendah. Tentu saja hal ini menjadi persoalan serius bagi penanganan pasien tersebut. Fenomena rendahnya tingkat kepatuhan pasien juga terjadi di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Prof. Kandou Manado, khususnya pada Instalasi Rehabilitasi Medik sebagai salah satu bagian yang ada di RSUP Prof. Kandou Manado. Tingkat kepatuhan pasien yang rendah tentu saja dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor. Salah satu faktor yang dianggap menjadi penyebab rendahnya tingkat kepatuhan pasien adalah kurangnya pemahaman atau pengetahuan pasien terhadap isu-isu kesehatan yang dihadapinya. Hal ini didorong oleh kurang informasi yang diberikan kepadanya. Karena itu, pemberian informasi melalui komunikasi kesehatan merupakan salah satu solusi yang penting menghadapi fenomena rendahnya tingkat kepatuhan pasien. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini mencoba mengkaji dan menganalisa strategi komunikasi kesehatan bagi tingkat kepatuhan pasien Instalasi Rehabilitasi Medik RSUP Prof. Kandou Manado. Untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian maka penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumenter. Data yang didapat kemudian diolah melalui teknik analisis data yang dibagi dalam tiga tahapan, yakni reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Untuk lebih meyakinkan hasil dari penelitian ini, maka data yang telah didapat juga akan diverifikasi melalui tiga tahap, yakni <em>triangulasi, member checking</em> dan <em>expert opinion</em> sehingga simpulan dari hasil penelitian ini dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara ilmiah dan dapat memberikan kontribusi untuk meningkatkan tingkat kepatuhan pasien di Instalasi Rehabilitasi Medik RSUD Prof. Kandou.</p><p> </p><p><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p><em>A patient's compliance plays a big role in healing process. However, in reality, the level of patient adherence is actually very poor or low. Of course this is a serious problem in patients' handling process. the phenomenon of low patient adherence also occurs at Prof. Kandou General Hospital, especially in Medical Rehabilitation Installation.The low level of patient adherence is of course influenced by many factors. One of the factors that is considered to be the cause of the low level of patient adherence is patients' lack of understanding or knowledge on the health issues they face. This is driven by the lack of information that is given to them. Therefore, providing information through health communication is an important solution in dealing with the phenomenon of low patient adherence. Therefore, this study tried to analyze the health communication strategies for improve the level of patient adherence in the Medical Rehabilitation Installation at Prof. Kandou General Hospital.To achieve the research objectives, a qualitative descriptive method had been chosen. Data were collected through observation, interviews and documentary studies. The data obtained is then processed through data analysis techniques which are divided into three stages, which are data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. To be more convincing about the results of this study, the data that had been obtained was verified through three stages, namely triangulation, member checking and expert opinion so that the conclusions from the results of this study can be scientifically accounted for and can contribute to increase the level of patient adherence in the Medical Rehabilitation Installation at Prof. Kandou General Hospital.</em></p>

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