Genetic Algorithm Based QoS Perception Routing Protocol for VANETs

A genetic algorithm (GA) based QoS perception routing protocol (GABR) is proposed to guarantee the quality of service (QoS) influenced by broken links between vehicles and the failure of packets transmission in a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). With the observation that all improvable paths are probed by the intersection based routing protocol, the genetic GA is utilized to optimize the global available paths which satisfies the QoS requirement. Moreover, by means of the numerical results, it is shown that the proposed scheme is significantly improved compared with protocols of the intersection based routing (IBR) and connectivity aware routing (CAR) in terms of transmission delay and packet loss rate.

Neighboring and Connectivity-Aware Routing in VANETs

A novel position-based routing protocol anchor-based connectivity-aware routing (ACAR) for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is proposed in this paper to ensure connectivity of routes with more successfully delivered packets. Both buses and cars are considered as vehicular nodes running in both clockwise and anticlockwise directions in a city scenario. Both directions are taken into account for faster communication. ACAR is a hybrid protocol, using both the greedy forwarding approach and the store-carry-and-forward approach to minimize the packet drop rate on the basis of certain assumptions. Our solution to situations that occur when the network is sparse and when any (source or intermediate) node has left its initial position makes this protocol different from those existing in the literature. We consider only vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication in which both the source and destination nodes are moving vehicles. Also, no road-side units are considered. Finally, we compare our protocol with A-STAR (a plausible connectivity-aware routing protocol for city environments), and simulation results in NS-2 show improvement in the number of packets delivered to the destination using fewer hops. Also, we show that ACAR has more successfully-delivered long-distance packets with reasonable packet delay than A-STAR.