scholarly journals Neighboring and Connectivity-Aware Routing in VANETs

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huma Ghafoor ◽  
Insoo Koo ◽  
Nasir-ud-Din Gohar
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Packet Delay ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Intermediate Node ◽  
V2v Communication ◽  
Greedy Forwarding ◽  
Connectivity Aware Routing

A novel position-based routing protocol anchor-based connectivity-aware routing (ACAR) for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is proposed in this paper to ensure connectivity of routes with more successfully delivered packets. Both buses and cars are considered as vehicular nodes running in both clockwise and anticlockwise directions in a city scenario. Both directions are taken into account for faster communication. ACAR is a hybrid protocol, using both the greedy forwarding approach and the store-carry-and-forward approach to minimize the packet drop rate on the basis of certain assumptions. Our solution to situations that occur when the network is sparse and when any (source or intermediate) node has left its initial position makes this protocol different from those existing in the literature. We consider only vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication in which both the source and destination nodes are moving vehicles. Also, no road-side units are considered. Finally, we compare our protocol with A-STAR (a plausible connectivity-aware routing protocol for city environments), and simulation results in NS-2 show improvement in the number of packets delivered to the destination using fewer hops. Also, we show that ACAR has more successfully-delivered long-distance packets with reasonable packet delay than A-STAR.

scholarly journals VEHICLE ADHOC NETWORK FOR INTELLIGENT VEHICLE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM .

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Keyword(s):  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Cross Layer ◽  
Cross Layer Design ◽  
Intermediate Node ◽  
V2v Communication ◽  
Greedy Forwarding ◽  
Store And Forward

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs), which considers both buses and cars as vehicular nodes running in both clockwise and anti-clockwise directions. It is a hybrid protocol, uses both the greedy forwarding approach and the carry-store-and-forward approach to ensure the connectivity of the routes. Our solution to situations, when the network is sparse and when any (source or intermediate) node left its initial position, makes this protocol better in city scenarios. We only consider Vehicle to-Vehicle (V2V) communication in which both the source and destination nodes are moving vehicles. The paradigm of cross-layer design has been introduced as an alternative to pure layered design to develop communication protocols. Cross-layer design allows information to be exchanged and shared across layer boundaries in order to enable efficient and robust protocols. There has been several research efforts that validated the importance of cross-layer design in vehicular networks.

scholarly journals A Novel Greedy Forwarding Mechanism Based on Density, Speed and Direction Parameters for Vanets

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (08) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Amina Bengag ◽  
Asmae Bengag ◽  
Mohamed Elboukhari
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Control Overhead ◽  
Greedy Forwarding ◽  
Dynamic Topology ◽  
High Dynamic ◽  
Hoc Networks

In the recent years, the study and developments of networks that do not depend on any pre-existing infrastructure have been very popular. Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) belong to the class of these networks, in which each vehicle participates in routing by transmitting data for other nodes (vehicles). Due to the characteristics of VANET (e.g. high dynamic topology, different communication environment, frequently link breakage…), the routing process still one of the most challenging aspects. Hence, many routing protocols have been suggested to overcome these challenges. Moreover, routing protocols based on the position of vehicles are the most popular and preferred class, thanks to its many advantages like the less control overhead and the scalability. However, this class suffer from some problems such as frequent link breakages caused by the high-mobility of vehicles, which cause a low PDR and throughput. In this investigation, we introduce a novel greedy forwarding strategy used to create a new routing protocol based on the position of vehicles, to reduce the link breakages and get a stable route that improves the PDR and throughput. The proposed Density and Velocity (Speed, Direction) Aware Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing protocol (DVA-GPSR) is based on the suggested greedy forwarding technique that utilizes the density, the speed and the direction for selecting the most convenient relaying node candidate. The results of simulation prove that DVA-GPSR protocol outperforms the classical GPSR in all studied metrics like PDR, throughput, and the ratio of routing overhead by changing the quantity of vehicles in urban and highway scenarios.

An Efficient Routing Protocol for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anant Ram
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Greedy Forwarding ◽  
Routing Strategy ◽  
Moving Vehicles ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Selection Of

Background: VANETs (Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks) are the subclass of MANETs, which has recently emerged. Due to its swift changing topology and high mobility nature, it is challenging to design an efficient routing protocol for routing data amongst both moving vehicles and stationary units in VANETs. In addition, the performance of existing routing protocols is not effective due to high mobility characteristics of VANETs. Methods: In this paper, we proposed link reliable routing strategy that makes use of restricted greedy forwarding by considering neighborhood vehicles density and the least, average velocity with its own neighboring vehicles for the selection of next forwarder. Result: The proposed approach take the assumption that at every junction the police patrolling car (i.e. PCR junction node), which forwards the packet to vehicle onto correct road segment only. The link reliability is ensured by the mechanism for the selection of the next forwarder. Conclusion: The objective of this paper is to increase route reliability to provide increase throughput without greatly affecting end-to-end delay. The simulation results reveal that the proposed approach Reliable GPSR(R-GPSR) outperforms existing GPSR and E-GyTAR approach.

scholarly journals RESP: Relay Suitability-based Routing Protocol for Video Streaming in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-38
Author(s):  
Omar A. Hammood ◽  
Mohd Nizam ◽  
Muamer Nafaa ◽  
Waleed A. Hammood
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Video Streaming ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Packet Delay ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Link Stability ◽  
Hoc Networks

Video streaming in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) is a fundamental requirement for a roadside emergency and smart video surveillance services. However, vehicles moving at a high speed usually create unstable wireless links that drop video frames qualities. In a high-density network, network collision between vehicles is another obstacle in improving the scalability of unicast routing protocols. In this paper, the RElay Suitability-based Routing Protocol (RESP) which makes a routing decision based on the link stability measurement was proposed for an uninterrupted video streaming. The RESP estimates the geographic advancement and link stability of a vehicle towards its destination only in the small region. To ensure the reliability while extending the scalability of routing, the relay suitability metric integrates the packet delay, collision dropping, link stability, and the Expected Transmission Count (ETX) in the weighted division algorithm, and selects a high-quality forwarding node for video streaming. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed RESP outperformed the link Lifetime-aware Beacon-less Routing Protocol (LBRP) and other traditional geographical streaming protocols in providing a high packet delivery ratio and less packet delay with various network densities, and proved the scalability support of RESP for video streaming.

Improved GPSR Routing Protocol in VANETs

2013 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 1877-1881
Author(s):  
Jian Yao ◽  
Hao You Peng ◽  
Tian Fu
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Greedy Forwarding ◽  
And Topology ◽  
Topology Changes ◽  
Hoc Networks

According to characteristics that the vehicles move fast and topology changes quickly in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), a novel routing protocol GMGP based on the location is proposed for VANETs. Predicting the changes of the neighboring nodes positions and using greedy forwarding mechanism forward packet, and using a movement perimeter forwarding algorithm to select the next reliable hop node on the basis of direction and velocity of the mobile nodes when the greedy forwarding fails, it improves the reliability of routing. When a more realistic vehicles mobility model is applied to the NS-2 simulation platform, the simulation indicates that the improved routing protocol has better performance than the GPSR routing protocol.

Modified fuzzy-based greedy routing protocol for VANETs

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 8357-8364
Author(s):  
Thompson Stephan ◽  
Ananthnarayan Rajappa ◽  
K.S. Sendhil Kumar ◽  
Shivang Gupta ◽  
Achyut Shankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Greedy Routing ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) is the most growing research area in wireless communication and has been gaining significant attention over recent years due to its role in designing intelligent transportation systems. Wireless multi-hop forwarding in VANETs is challenging since the data has to be relayed as soon as possible through the intermediate vehicles from the source to destination. This paper proposes a modified fuzzy-based greedy routing protocol (MFGR) which is an enhanced version of fuzzy logic-based greedy routing protocol (FLGR). Our proposed protocol applies fuzzy logic for the selection of the next greedy forwarder to forward the data reliably towards the destination. Five parameters, namely distance, direction, speed, position, and trust have been used to evaluate the node’s stability using fuzzy logic. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MFGR scheme can achieve the best performance in terms of the highest packet delivery ratio (PDR) and minimizes the average number of hops among all protocols.

A Groundwork Based Novel Routing Protocol for Vehicular Ad hoc Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Amolkirat Singh ◽  
Guneet Saini
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Secure Communication ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Unexpected Events ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

Many people lose their life and/or are injured due to accidents or unexpected events taking place on road networks. Besides traffic jams, these accidents generate a tremendous waste of time and fuel. Undoubtedly, if the vehicles are provided with timely and dynamic information related to road traffic conditions, any unexpected events or accidents, the safety and efficiency of the transportation system with respect to time, distance, fuel consumption and environmentally destructive emissions can be improved. In the field of computer and information science, Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) have recently emerged as an effective tool for improving road safety through propagation of warning messages among the vehicles in the network about potential obstacles on the road ahead. VANET is a research area which is in more demand among the researchers, the automobile industries and scientists to discover about the loopholes and advantages of the vehicular networks so that efficient routing algorithms can be developed which can provide reliable and secure communication among the mobile nodes.In this paper, we propose a Groundwork Based Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol (GAODV) focus on how the Road Side Units (RSU’s) utilized in the architecture plays an important role for making the communication reliable. In the interval of finding the suitable path from source to destination the packet loss may occur and the delay also is counted if the required packet does not reach the specified destination on time. So to overcome delay, packet loss and to increase throughput GAODV approach is followed. The performance parameters in the GAODV comes out to be much better than computed in the traditional approach.

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