KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR ALJABAR DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL MATERI TEOREMA PHYTAGORAS

This research aims to determine the algebraic thinking skills of students in solving questions on the subject of the Pythagorean theorem in students of SMP Negeri 19 Pontianak. The research method used is descriptive method in the form of case studies. The subjects in this study were six students and the object in this study was the ability to think algebraically in solving problems on the subject of the Pythagorean theorem. The data collection techniques used were test and non-test (interview). In this research, there is one student who achieves generational activities, two students in transformational activities and one student in global meta-level activities. In general, it can be concluded that the ability to think algebra in solving the problem of the Pythagorean theorem in SMP Negeri 19 Pontianak is that students are in transformational activities even though in generational activities students do not entirely write algebraic forms and equations. Students also have not been able to solve problems by writing down the rules used at each step, and not writing conclusions. Keywords : Algebraic Thinking Skills, Solve The Problem, Pythagorean Theorem

DIDACTIC ASPECTS OF THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF LEADERSHIP IN THE SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL SPHERE

The article considers theories of leadership, which were considered by scientists at different times and in the context of different worldviews, which allows us to conclude that the concepts of "leader" and "leadership" are closely interrelated, especially the goal, because leadership is a challenge for something important, it is a challenge with passion, it is a desire for a goal. A leader's competence is the level of maturity required to perform a specific job, the amount of knowledge and skills he uses to achieve a goal or solve problems. In addition, and this is a key point for our study, competent leadership can be learned, it is necessary to learn, and throughout life. Thus, the development of leadership practice has been significantly influenced by value theories. By focusing on the meaning of the activities of the leader and his followers, they have proved in theory and in practice that the leadership that modernity needs can only be responsible. A leader, if he wants to remain a person, must be responsible to himself, to his followers, to society and to his future. It is proved that a leader is not just a person who, on the way to his socialization, has acquired certain qualities of a leader, but has found himself in the right place and at the right time. The essence of leadership qualities can be revealed only during the performance of socially significant activities. It is under such conditions that people show activity and the person who acted as a generator of ideas and organizer of transformational activities will retain leadership functions. Also in the transition to the information society, leadership begins to be perceived as a team game, in which each participant performs extremely important and necessary work and the leader, as a team captain, is just a good performer, who got his role through the coach and circumstances, often accidental him.

Kemampuan Berpikir Aljabar Siswa Climber dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah SPLDV

The aim of this study is to analyze the algebraic thinking ability of students in SPLDV problems solving. This research was conducted by students in eighth grade with AQ climber type. The type of this study is qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The technique of taking the subject is a purposive technique with two students as the subject that chosen with the AQ climber category. The instruments that used in this research are SPLDV matter solving sheets, interview guidelines, and field notes. The techniques of collecting data are tests, interviews, and field notes. The steps in analyzing data are data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that climber students are able to think algebraic views from their activities, namely generational activity, transformational activity, and global meta-level activity. The indicators achieved in generational activities are students can understand the equations that contain variables namely the meaning of the equal sign and also students are able to understand the solution of equation. The indicators achieved in transformational activities are students being able to say terms, expand, substitute, solve equations, simplify expressions, and be able to change equations into equivalent equations. Whereas in global meta-level activities students are able to use algebra to predict a problem in mathematics and be able to model mathematics that related to algebra.

PETER THE FIRST IN RUSSIAN LIBERAL DISCOURSE OF THE SECOND HALF OF XIXth AND THE BEGINNING OF XXth CENTURIES

The article is devoted to the analysis of the views of Russian liberal leaders of the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries on Peter I and his transformation. The subject of the article is the historical and publicistic works of such authors as M. Pogodin, S. Soloviev, K. Kavelin, B. Chicherin, P. Vinogradov, S. Frank. Using textological analysis, the author aims to analyze the assessments made by representatives of the liberal Russian public of Peter I.'s transformational activities. According to the author, representatives of the Russian liberal discourse spoke about Russia as a part of Europe primarily in the geographical sense, and the common destiny of Russia and Western European countries is often determined by geography. Thinkers believed that European culture found its place in Russia, which before Peter I distinguished by its originality and firmness of the original principles. The author concludes that Russian liberals recognized Europeanization as an organic historical phenomenon caused by the whole progress of development of the country and expressing its needs. In general, the Europeanization of Russia under Peter I was given a positive assessment. Europeanization was considered as a factor in the integration of the Russian state into the European processes and a guarantee of its economic and political development. At the same time, the transformation of Russia in the European direction, as liberal intellectuals believed, was unfinished. Pointing to the incompleteness of the transformation, liberal thinkers put forward various reasons for the incompleteness of the transformation along the European path. The general assessment of the Europeanization of Russia was associated with the assessment of the personality and the activities of the King-converter himself, including in connection with his role in strengthening the state and the autocratic system in Russia.

Global Citizenship Versus Globally Competent Graduates

This article will critically analyze the global citizen concept in the world full of deep-rooted historical injustices and past and present structural inequalities. We will explore higher education’s (HE) engagement with the concept and whether this is polarizing HE and distracting its attention from the critical internationalization and transformational activities. The article will further explore whether it is worthwhile to spend time and resources on vague rhetoric and attempts to popularize buzzwords while the majority of students in the global South live in an unjust world. We will argue that the South needs to focus on development of globally competent graduates who are fully aware of their roles in the quest for a better tomorrow for their communities, countries, regions, and the world as a whole.

Designing Alien Mysteries in Chatterdale

As part of a larger, three-year long European project, Franziska reflected on her experiences in designing and implementing age-appropriate, immersive learning experiences in the virtual village of Chatterdale in OpenSim. Thirteen-year-old German and Norwegian students learning English as a target language engaged in collaborative goal-driven actions, task-oriented activities, and verbal interactions in a quest to solve a mystery involving extraterrestrials and the local residents' disappearance. Building on Barab, Gresalfi, and Arici's (2009) conceptualization of game-oriented environments as transformational activities, the focus was placed on investigating how the emerging affordances can empower learners and enact opportunities to actively participate in these game-driven learning experiences and mold the content and context. The study illustrated that the design of this virtual Chatterdale science fiction scenario was student-instigated, while students' quest to unravel the mystery afforded opportunities for active involvement and collaborative actions, engagement in verbal exchanges, and interaction with content and context.