AN AYURVEDA CONCEPTUAL STUDY ON EIGHT DOMAINS IN THE ASSESSMENT OF MIND

History taking, clinical examinations play a major role in confirming the diagnosis and predicting the prognosis of the illness. This is applicable in psychiatric as well as psychosomatic disorders. Sometimes organic diseases may simulate the presentation of psychiatric disorders and vice versa. Many types of examination techniques are ex- plained in Ayurveda which help directly or indirectly to elicit and diagnose psychiatry disorders. Astavibhrama, impairment in eight domains of mental faculties - thinking process (Mano vibhrama), intellect (Buddhi vibhrama), consciousness and orientation (Sanjnajnana vibhrama), memory (smriti vibhrama), desire or interest (Bhakti vibhrama), temperaments (sheela vibhrama), behaviour (chesta vibhrama), conduct (achara vibhrama); a concept adopted for the diagnosis of unmada (insanity). These eight domains can be generalised for eliciting the mental status of an individual. Keywords: Astavibhrama, Mental status examination, Psychiatric disorder

History and Mental Status Examination in Primary Care in Saudi Arabia: A Review

The mental state assessment is an important tool for doctors when determining psychiatric diagnosis. Physicians can better identify and differentiate psychiatric diseases if they are familiar with the components of the examination. A thorough medical history entails a more in-depth investigation into the patient's medical problems, including all diseases and illnesses that are currently being treated, as well as those that have left any lasting consequences on the patient's health. A major source of worry is the patient's health literacy, as well as how questions to acquire histories are asked in such a way that the patient understands and can respond appropriately. Medical record practices have a long history of criticism, despite their usefulness. Records that are untimed or outdated, use imprecise language or are illegible, lack a logical structure, are poorly synthesized, are difficult to access and prone to loss, lack information relevant to clinical treatment goals, or are plain incorrect are all common concerns. In this review we will be looking at approaches for mental and history examination, as well as the importance of such reports.

Case Report on Acute Transient Psychotic Disorder

Introduction: Acute and Transient Psychotic disorder (ATPD) is defined by the ICD-10 as hallucinations, delusions, and/or senseless or nonsensical speech having an acute [1]. The distinguishing characteristic of ATPD is its abrupt onset. Second, there are characteristic symptoms present, and third, there is related acute stress [2]. Clinical Findings: Sleep disturbance, aggressiveness, muttering to self, irritability, irrelevant talks and loss of appétit, hearing of voices not heard by others, suspiciousness, increased talkativeness, increased energy and fearfulness. Mental Status Examination: Conscious, dressed appropriately, well groomed, standing, eye to eye contact initiated, non cooperative, activity normal, and the mood is exhausted, frustrated, the affect is irritable, guarded, and the flow of speech rate is rapid with moderate volume and responsive quality, Thought-flight of thoughts is evident, as are perceptual abnormalities- auditory hallucination, impaired social judgment, and full denial of sickness. Outcome: After treatment, the patient shows improvement. Irritability has reduced, sleeping pattern is improved, self muttering has stopped, irrelevant talks are less, and aggressiveness is reduced. Conclusion: Patient was admitted to Psychiatric Ward with a known case of Bipolar Affective Disorder and after Mental Status Examination he is diagnosed as Acute Transient Psychotic Disorder with complain of Sleep disturbance, aggressiveness, muttering to self, irritability, irrelevant talks. He improved after receiving adequate treatment, and the treatment was continuously ongoing until my last date of care.

HUBUNGAN INTERNET GAMING DISORDER DENGAN GANGGUAN ATENSI DAN MEMORI PADA SISWA SMP DI DAERAH PERDESAAN DI YOGYAKARTA

Latar belakang: Internet gaming merupakan kejadian yang merambak dan menjadi hal yang lazim di seluruh dunia. Seiring itu pula, timbul keresahan terkait internet gaming, yaitu peningkatan jumlah gamers yang teradiksi. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini dlakukan untuk mengenal internet gaming disorderi(IGD) terutama di daerah perdesaan di Yogyakarta. Modified Children Mini Mental Status Examination(MMMSEC) merupakan alat ukur yang dipakai dalam pengukuran fungsi kognitif maupun atensi pada anak-anak. Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara nilai MMMSEC bagian atensi, dan memori dengan IGD pada siswa SMP di daerah perdesaan, Yogyakarta Metode Penelitian: Metode menggunakan studi potong lintang di sejumlah SMP di daerah perdesaan Bantul, Yogyakarta pada Mei-Juni 2019. Subyek penelitian kemudian dilakukan assessment terhadap kejadian IGD, dan setelah itu dilanjutkan dengan assessment. Didapatkan total 74 subyek penelitian dengan 37 subyek dengan IGD, dan 37 merupakan subyek kontrol. Hasil: Prevalensi dari siswa SMP yang terkena IGD yaitu 8.2% di daerah perdesaan di Yogyakartan,. Terdapat 74 subyek penelitian, sebanyak 64.9% laki-laki dan 35.1% perempuan. Analisis non parametrik dengan Mann-Whitney hasil MMMSEC antara IGD dan kontrol mendapatkan hasil yang bermakna di penilaian atensi (p value =0.00), dan nilai total (p value=0.029), sedangkan pada penilaian orientasi, registrasi, recall dan bahasa tidak didapatkan hasil yang bermakna. Hasil analisist terhadap perbedaan nilai MMSMEC pada jenis kelamin tidak mendapatkan hasil yang bermakna. Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara nilai MMSMEC pada bagian atensi, dan total dengan IGD pada siswa SMP di perdesaan Yogyakarta. Kata Kunci: Internet Gaming Disorder, IGD, MMMSEC, Atensi, Memori

Association of Estimated Cardiorespiratory Fitness with the Incidence of Cognitive Impairment in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Based on 12 Years Follow-Up Data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging

PURPOSE:This study investigated association of estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (eCRF) with the incidence of cognitive impairment in Korean middle-aged and older adults.METHODS:Total of 4,239 subjects (53% women) aged ≥45 years, who participated in the Korean longitudinal study of aging (KLoSA) were included. Participants were classified into 4 categories from the lowest quartile to the highest quartile based on eCRF distribu¬tions. Korean version of mini-mental status examination (K-MMSE) was used to assessed mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and severe cognitive impairment (SCI). Cox’s proportional regression analyses were used to determine the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of eCRF categories for having MCI and SCI.RESULTS: During 12-years of follow-up, there were 736 (17.4%) and 272 (6.4%) cases of incidence from MCI and SCI, respectively. In women, compared to the quartile 1 group (reference, HR=1), the quartile 4 group had significantly lower HRs of having incidence of MCI/SCI (HR=0.72, 95% CI=0.55-0.94, p=.015) and MCI (HR=0.73, 95% CI=0.54-0.99, p=.045). However, in men, eCRF was not associated with incidence of cognitive impairment.CONCLUSIONS:The current findings suggest that eCRF may be an independent predictor of cognitive impairment in middle-aged and older women.