Analysis of Earth Pressure Variation for Partial Displacement of Retaining Wall

Parts of the retaining wall might produce displacement under different load conditions. The moveable wall could impact the adjacent fixed wall, mainly reflecting on the variation of earth pressure and formation of the soil arching effect. This paper conducted the horizontal trap-door test to explore the variation of active earth pressure caused by partial displacement of the retaining wall. Different trap-door width and three displacement modes were addressed as the influence factors. The results indicated that the horizontal soil arching effect was generated after the active displacement of the trap-door and the soil pressure was redistributed. The distribution of lateral soil pressure was approximately an “inverted bell” curve. For trap-door widths of 20 cm, 30 cm, and 40 cm, a secondary soil arching effect appeared in the test. The relationship between lateral earth pressure and displacement was different with the traditional limited theory due to the influence of the soil arching effect. The variation curve of earth pressure corresponding to displacement could be divided into three stages. In addition, the distribution of earth pressure along the trap-door height was non-linear. Trap-door width can significantly influence the maximum earth pressure on the fixed wall and the range where pressure changes. Finally, the effect of load sharing was explored and found to be related with displacement and width of trap-door as well as the displacement mode.

Assessment of the starter motor system use powered by capacitive power sources on internal combustion engine

The main power source of modern electric start systems for internal combustion engines is an acid-lead battery. Existence chemical reactions, which occur in between battery electrolyte and lead plates may be causes problems with it exploitation. For a many reasons, its operation requires a lot of labor, especially in cold conditions. In this regard, it was proposed to use a capacitor system electric supply taking in view its discharge characteristics. Electrolytic capacitors and supercapacitors are sources of temporary charge storage and have optimal properties for their use in the engine start system as a partial displacement of the acid-lead battery, against the background of its some negative qualities. The article deals with the evaluation and comparison of the electric motor start system from capacitors and supercapacitors, as well as the possibility of their implementation on a mobile machine equipped with ICE.

Woven EndoBridge Device immediate post-detachment tilt with later displacement: Case report, rescue techniques, and review of the literature

The Woven EndoBridge Device (WEB) is efficient and safe in the treatment of wide-neck bifurcation intracranial aneurysms. A crucial step in operative planning is establishing the appropriate dimension of the device, and there are limitations to the therapeutic solutions provided by WEBs. We describe a case of a right middle cerebral artery bifurcation wide-neck aneurysm treated with WEB. After the initial deployment of a WEB proven oversized, we substituted it with a smaller one that presented immediate post-detachment intra-aneurysmal tilt probably resulting from undersizing. The 24-h angiographic control identified a partial displacement of the device in the superior middle cerebral artery branch. We describe rescue techniques with review of the literature and our treatment strategy, including effort to reposition the device followed by stent deployment. The treatment was electively completed by the coil-through technique. The post-detachment WEB tilt should be considered an unstable position and treated either by removal of the device or with adjunctive implants. Each WEB size adapts to a range of aneurysmal height and width. This range is not always the same for each specific WEB dimension, based on the table provided by the manufacturer. This eventually predisposes to a different behavior of different WEB sizes regarding the modification of the device’s height in relation to the modification of the diameter after deployment.

SPECIAL FEATURES OF DEMEMBRATION IN THE FUNERAL PRACTICE OF THE LOWER DON CATACOMB CULTURE PEOPLE

The paper is devoted to the analysis of a series of Middle Bronze Age burials from the barrow cemeteries of Veselyi I, Chaltyrskiy XI, Glubokaya II and Molokanovskiy III in the Lower Don region. All of them present a hitherto unknown type of demembration which involves a complete of partial displacement of bones “in blocks”, i. e. in anatomical articulation. Judging by both their inventory and ritual details, the burials in question belong to the late stage of the Catacomb culture (late stage of the Donets culture, Bakhmur variant, and the Manych culture). The displacement of bones “in blocks” (and penetration into the grave) took place during the first year after the funeral. There is a number of hypotheses that attempt to explain the appearance of demembration in ritual practices of ancient people. The burial contexts described in this paper support the hypothesis ac- cording to which demembration served as a method of rendering the dear harmless.

Pronunciamento per i Chaladrioi e Deucalione

The ϝράτρα for the Chaladrioi and Deukalion falls under a definite group of Elean documents, archaic and classical, that is the oracular pronouncements enacted by Olympian Zeus for the Eleans and their dependent political communities, whether allies, perioikoi, or members of an alleged Elean confederacy. The god instructs the Chaladrioi (a political community which is elsewhere unattested) to bestow on the foreign Deukalion and his descent citizenship and some distinctive privileges (isoproxeny and isodamiurgy). These privileges enable him ‘to speak in the god’s presence’, with the same authority that lies with Olympian officials and the Elean damos, and to take care of the sole Chaladrian land in Pisa, relevant to the Olympian sanctuary. This land, allocated to a new citizen receiving special honours, seems actually linked to the Olympian sanctuary – whether consecrated or not – by the pronouncement of Zeus for the first time. After the Persian Wars, Pindar and Bacchylides started to sing about Pisa as the very place of the Olympian Games and the sanctuary of Zeus reached a new level of Panhellenic renown, which was emphasised in the construction of the first temple of the god and other important building activities (such as the enlargement and partial displacement of the stadium) and surely brought about a lot of new visitors and pilgrims, in need of hosting land.

Digital Hydraulic Winch Drives

This paper presents the planned use of digital displacement high torque low speed motors to drive large winches in off-shore and maritime applications. The digital displacement technology uses forced actuation of high- and low pressure valves for each cylinder chamber, i.e. valves are opened and closed by actuation forces independently of cylinder pressure and supply pressures. Motors equipped with the technology are well suited for low speed secondary controlled operation including start and stop. It also enables unloading of motor cylinders that are not needed to produce torque, whereby excellent efficiency at partial displacement is obtained. A research project on application of multi digital motors on a winch with lifting capacity in the 150 t range is presented, and advantages of using such winch drives in off-shore and maritime lifting operations are discussed. Positioning and metering are challenges in winch systems with traditional drives. A unique control scheme that allows very fine positioning of the motor shaft is presented. The performance of this method is shown in simulation and demonstrated with measurements on a motor.