M. HEIDEGGER’S METAPHYSICS OF FINITENESS: HISTORY AS THE SUBJECT AREA OF UNDERSTANDING

Статья ориентирована на анализ М. Хайдеггером предмета и специфики познавательных средств истории в перспективе предложенной им метафизики конечности. Показано, что обращение к этому проблемному полю явилось результатом его размышлений над взаимосвязью основоположений фундаментальной онтологии с обоснованием предмета и способа постижения истории. Учение Хайдеггера в этом ракурсе сопряжено, как показано в статье, с интенсивным диалогом с идеями В. Дильтея и Ф. Ницше. Дильтей является автором, позволившим Хайдеггеру переосмыслить в экзистенциальном ключе не только историчность Dasein, но и такие феномены как понимание и интерпретация, изначальная открытость смысла исторической традиции. Однако в отличие от Дильтея, утверждавшего плюрализм культурных миров и не принимавшего возможности их рассмотрения в горизонте диахронного единства, Хайдеггер полагал, что герменевтическая перспектива не является препятствием к поиску глобального смысла всемирной истории. Заимствуя у Ницше генеалогическую методологию, он критически пересматривая его видение истории сквозь призму становления нигилизма как забвения жизни. Всемирная история и современный культурный кризис, по его мнению, обретают объяснение в свете разработанного им видения нигилистического забвения Бытия, порожденного европейской метафизической традицией, завершением которой выступает метафизика воли Ницше. The article is focused on M. Heidegger's analysis of the field and the cognitive means of history in the perspective of the metaphysics of finiteness proposed by him. It reveals that the appeal to this problem field was the result of his reflections on the relationship of the basic principles of fundamental ontology with the substantiation of the subject area and strategy of comprehending history. Heidegger's teaching in this perspective is associated with an intensive dialogue with the ideas of W. Dilthey and F. Nietzsche. Dilthey is the author who allowed Heidegger to rethink in an existential way not only the historicity of Dasein, but also such phenomena as understanding and interpretation, the initial openness of the meaning of historical tradition. However, unlike Dilthey, who argued for the pluralism of cultural worlds and did not accept the possibility of considering them in the horizon of diachronic unity, Heidegger believed that the hermeneutic perspective is not an obstacle to the search for the global meaning of world history. Borrowing the genealogical methodology from Nietzsche, he critically revised his vision of history through the prism of the formation of nihilism as the oblivion of life. World history and the contemporary cultural crisis, in his opinion, find an explanation in the light of the nihilist forgetfulness of Being generated by the European metaphysical tradition, the completion of which is the Nietzschean metaphysics of will.

Intercomprehension and Inclusive Teaching in Primary School

A teaching experience aimed at spreading an inclusive-oriented approach to intercomprehension (or IC) in primary schools is described and discussed in this article. In detail, its goal is to monitor listening comprehension and meaning recognition of Italian-speaking students (68 pupils) in two foreign Romance languages, while testing accessible learning materials, adapted for the needs of dyslexic children. In order to accomplish this goal, the story Tommaso e l’anguria by Mauro Scarpa (2019) is presented in Spanish and French, supported by images in kamishibai format, and children are asked to express their metacognitive knowledge about listening in L2. Data analysis is based on two post-listening monitoring activities and is primarily quantitative. Results show that the young learners understood the global meaning of the story; moreover, they recognised the meaning of more than 50% of the words in Spanish, while in French the percentage was lower. Although the young learner with dyslexia successfully completed all pedagogical tasks, results show that some graphic changes in the paper lexical recognition test are required. The analysis thus confirms the inclusive potential of the intercomprehension-based approach based on the development of L2 oral skills in primary school.

New Technologies and Decision-Making for the Military

This chapter aims at reviewing the concept of decision-making on the battlefield for military leaders. Thus, it intends to address the changes implied by the use of new technologies (such as Robots, AI) that will gradually invade the battlefield. The leader of tomorrow will have to quickly manage remote information and keep control of high performance automated systems integrating a certain form of autonomy, including lethal autonomous weapon systems. He must ensure that a global meaning is given to the military action taking place on the battlefield. He has to be able to command to achieve his goals.

Tontemboan Affixes Notes in Teaching English Tenses

Teaching English language is a big challenge in Minahasa. Students are still unable to master or even comprehend English even after eleven years learning the language at primary and secondary levels. This research entitled “Tontemboan Affixes Relates to English Tenses” aims to identify, classify and describe the affixes and analyze the similarities and differences of affixes used in both languages, English and Tontemboan. This research used descriptive method, which includes preparation, collecting the data, and analyzing the data. The result showed that some affixes in Totemboan language have different functions of affixes in English. Simple present tense functions the habitual action by adding ma’ before the morpheme, following the verb. The present continuous tense which is formed by adding ma’ as prefix has a global meaning. Past continuous tense indicated by adding the prefix ma’ and simple past tensi indicated by adding a base prefix and infix with the initials are consonant.

The Reliability and Validity Study of the Turkish Version of the Global Meaning Violation Scale

As a psychological concept, meaning is a mental representation that enables us to connect relations or ideas predictably and stably. Highly stressful or traumatic life events may violate individuals’ global meaning (such as beliefs and goals) that provide a general framework to understand the world, themselves, and others. The Global Meaning Violation Scale (GMVS), consisting of 13 items and three subscales (belief violations, intrinsic goal violations and extrinsic goal violations), assesses violation in global meaning after exposure to a traumatic or stressful life event. In the present study, GMVS was translated into Turkish, and the psychometric properties of the scale were examined in a sample of 564 adult sample. Similar to the original form of the scale, the GMVS Turkish form consists of three factors. In order to evaluate the validity of the scale, the relationship between the SAM, DASS-21, PTSD Checklist-Civilian, perceived stressfulness of the event and the total score of GMVS and its subscales scale was examined. As a result of psychometric analyses, findings supporting the concurrent, distinctive, and incremental validity of the scale were obtained. It is found that the Turkish version of GMVS has satisfactory internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Cronbach alpha coefficients of the whole scale, GMVS-Beliefs, GMVS-Intrinsic and GMVS-Extrinsic were found to be .85, .77, .79 and .87 respectively; the test-retest reliabilities were found to be .79, .79, .68 and .66, respectively. The results showed that the Turkish form of the GMVS is a valid and reliable scale. Keywords Global Meaning Violation Scale, global meaning, validity, reliability

Procedeul Repetiţiei Și Valenţele Sale – Indicatoare Semantice În Construcţia Poetică Blagiană

By analyzing the Lucian Blaga’s poetry, this paper aims to argue how the form of poems contributes significantly to the creation of meaning through the stylistic figure of repetition. From the first volume, „Poems of light”, the repetition gains, beyond an aesthetic function, an ontic one specific to the Lucian Blaga’s consubstantiality between the poetic subject and the universe. During this approach, the repetition multiplies its phenomenalizations, in order to a significant part of the global meaning of the text is due to it. The major conclusion of this paper consists in highlighting a pattern of a continuous and ethereal aspiration to the self-world osmosis depending on Blaga’s creative stages.

Reading English-language haiku: An eye-movement study of the ‘cut effect’

The current study, set within the larger enterprise of Neuro-Cognitive Poetics, was designed to examine how readers deal with the ‘cut’ – a more or less sharp semantic-conceptual break – in normative, three-line English-language haiku poems (ELH). Readers were presented with three-line haiku that consisted of two (seemingly) disparate parts, a (two-line) ‘phrase’ image and a one-line ‘fragment’ image, in order to determine how they process the conceptual gap between these images when constructing the poem’s meaning – as reflected in their patterns of reading eye movements. In addition to replicating the basic ‘cut effect’, i.e., the extended fixation dwell time on the fragment line relative to the other lines, the present study examined (a) how this effect is influenced by whether the cut is purely implicit or explicitly marked by punctuation, and (b) whether the effect pattern could be delineated against a control condition of ‘uncut’, one-image haiku. For ‘cut’ vs. ‘uncut’ haiku, the results revealed the distribution of fixations across the poems to be modulated by the position of the cut (after line 1 vs. after line 2), the presence vs. absence of a cut marker, and the semantic-conceptual distance between the two images (context–action vs. juxtaposition haiku). These formal-structural and conceptual-semantic properties were associated with systematic changes in how individual poem lines were scanned at first reading and then (selectively) re-sampled in second- and third-pass reading to construct and check global meaning. No such effects were found for one-image (control) haiku. We attribute this pattern to the operation of different meaning resolution processes during the comprehension of two-image haiku, which are invoked by both form- and meaning-related features of the poems.

Urgensi Perlunya Pembaharuan Hukum Acara Pidana Nasional di Indonesia yang Lebih Responsif

In accordance with the background of research on "urgency need to reform national criminal event law in Indonesia more responsive ", so it can be taken the formulation of problems that will be Diba-has, namely; Is it necessary to update the law of national criminal event in Indonesia that is more responsive in the face of the Perkem-bangan of law and globalization era at present urgency is done renewal of national criminal event law in Indonesia more responsive, Because criminal proceedings Law (KUHAP) is deemed to be inappropriate with changes in the system of governance and legal developments in the community, especially in the practice of handling criminal acts that become officers of law enforcement officials to Complete the work properly and fairly, and the second the development of the law and the change of political map coupled with economic development, transportation and technology that also affects the global meaning and existence of the substance KUHAP, So it needs to be done renewal with a more accommodating, responsive and aspirational criminal event law. In the framework of law enforcement oriented with legal and dimensional justice. The KUHAP draft must be able to provide protection and recognition to the rights of the law and restrict the actions of the legal Officer in the settlement and handling of criminal acts and may be conjoined with global demands, accordance with the conventions that have been ratified by Indonesia.

Structural Analysis of Katoba Ritual Text Speech in Muna Communities

The katoba ritual as a form of oral tradition from the Muna tribe is an integral part of the culture of the supporting community. The purpose of this study is to describe the structure of the ritual text speech of the Muna communities. The structure of the ritual speech utterances in this study is called the pogau toba text (PTT). This study uses a qualitative method with a Van Dijk structural approach that focuses on three frameworks of text structure, namely macro structure, superstructure, and microstructure. The results showed that 1) the macro structure, which is the overall meaning, global meaning, or general meaning of the PTT. The macro structure found in the PTT is the inauguration of a child as a Muslim. This is reflected in the pronunciation of the two words of the shahada of Asyhadu Allah ilaha Ilallah wa ashadu anna Muhammadar Rasulullah which marks a person's Islamic status; 2) superstructure, namely the four main flow structure of PTT in the context of the katoba ritual, namely opening “pembukaan”, toba conditions “syarat-syarat toba”, core of toba “inti toba”, and the closing “penutup”; and 3) microstructure, which is limited to the style of the PTT language, namely diction or choice of words in the katoba ritual emphasizing religious and moral elements that are concrete through the use of polite and gentle language, found also a parallelism in grammatical structure, and expressions metaphorical expressions that take the symbols of flora and fauna or other natural objects are presented to convey an idea, concept, or specific purpose.