Determination of Clove Extract Anesthetic Dosage in Transport Activities of Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Supply Chain

This study examines the impact of the clove extract anesthetic dose on carp (Cyprinus carpio) seedlings and provides information on the best dose of anesthesia for carp seed transport. Carp seeds with 3-5 cm length from the Fish Seed Center, alive, healthy, and not defective. Carp fish and 50 x 35 x 30 cm Styrofoam boxes are used as containers during the delivery of carp seeds, and their placement is random. The study was conducted with four treatments of different clove extract levels, treatment A as a control (0 ppm), B (3.3 ppm), C (6.7 ppm), and D (10 ppm), with three replications each. The examination of the anesthetic condition of carp was carried out four times during transportation, at 0, 6, 12, and 24 hours. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was conducted to see the impact of the treatments, and then the Tukey test was carried out to see the differences between treatments. The analysis was carried out using SPSS version 21. The results showed that increasing the anesthetic dose of clove extract impacted the health condition and survival of the carp seedlings during transportation. The highest survival rate (85%) was achieved at a concentration of 6.7 ppm. Keywords: anesthesia dosage, clove extract, common carp (C. carpio) seeds, the survival rate

AUTOMATIC ANESTHESIA CONTROL SYSTEM

It is important that during any operation, for the patient to be in an anesthetic condition. The patient won’t feel any pain during the medical procedure using anesthetics and the impact of the anesthesia should be there for as long as the operation goes on. It is also important to measure biomedical parameters such as heart rate and body temperature since these parameters play a vital role. It will create serious health problems if proper dosage of anesthesia is not administered at specified time intervals and to overcome such unfavorable situations this project has been designed to develop an automatic anesthesia control system. Using this, the predefined number of doses can be administered at regular time intervals by simultaneously measuring parameters such as heart rate and temperature.

Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema Associated with Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysm: Case Report

A case of ruptured distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysm associated with neurogenic pulmonary edema is presented. It is suggested that this association should not be accepted as a “taboo” for radical intervention followed by a proper management of ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure to maintain the anesthetic condition. Cardiorespiratory control is essential in cases of pulmonary edema with ruptured aneurysm. Decompression and evacuation of blood clot surrounding the hypothalamus could subdue the hyperadrenosympathetic discharge that may cause neurogenic pulmonary edema.

Motor Impairment following Blockade of the Infraorbital Nerve: Implications for the Use of Anesthetization Techniques in Speech Research

Infraorbital nerve blocks were performed bilaterally in three subjects as a partial test of the hypothesis that some portion of the motor innervation to die facial muscles is provided in the trigeminal nerve. To ascertain the influence of this anesthetic procedure, the magnitude and rate of upper lip displacement (for speech and nonspeech tasks), the magnitude and rate of upper lip depression force, and diadochokinetic rate were transduced and recorded, both pre- and postanesthesia. All measures, along with bilateral muscle action potentials from orbicularis oris superior obtained for all force and displacement tasks, were reduced in magnitude as a function of the anesthetic condition. These findings, along with results from previous speech anesthetic studies, were interpreted to suggest that anesthesia of the infraorbital nerve produces measurable, if not substantial motor weakness in the supraoral musculature. The implications for previous studies, where anesthesia techniques have been employed, are discussed.

Intraoral Air Pressure as a Feedback Cue in Consonant Production

The effects of oral-sensory deprivation on the production of consonants was studied using narrow phonetic transcriptions and measurements of intraoral air pressure and duration. The speech materials were 20 bisyllabic words produced both in isolation and in sentences, and sentences that included words with 34 stop variants. These utterances were produced by four normal talkers and by the same talkers when deprived of oral sensation. The state of oral-sensory deprivation was induced by a series of mandibular, infraorbital, and palatal injections of 2% xylocaine. The talkers also scaled levels of effort used to produce the syllables /pa/ and /ba/, both with and without the anesthetic. In general, after the administration of the anesthetic, the characteristic tongue carriage of the talkers was shifted posteriorly, the rate of speech was slower, and there were minor imprecisions in articulation consisting primarily of alterations in lip and tongue activity. In addition, consonants were produced with slightly greater intraoral air pressures and longer durations. The talkers had no difficulty in scaling levels of effort in either the normal or the anesthetic conditions, and maintained a linear relationship between effort and intraoral air pressure in both conditions. The results suggest that the talkers used more effort in producing speech in the anesthetic condition and are untenable with the idea that intraoral air pressure constitutes an important feedback parameter in controlling articulation. The speech produced by the talkers while anesthetized (that is, while without sensation in the mouth) was reasonably precise and must be postulated to have been under the control of a pressure-sensing system other than a closed feedback loop.