Spatial Analysis of The Effect of Women's Autonomy on Fertility in Indonesia

Gender equality which has become one of the national development goals is often described by the degree of women's autonomy. The absence of the RPJMN target in terms of fertility rates in Indonesia could be due to the current low autonomy of women. The purpose of this study is to determine the spatial analysis of the relationship between women's autonomy and fertility at the provincial level and to determine the effect of women's autonomy on fertility in Indonesia. The analysis method used in this research is the spatial analysis and binary logistic regression analysis. The spatial analysis will describe spatially the relationship between women's autonomy and fertility based on 34 provinces in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the logistic regression analysis will look at the influence of the female autonomy variable on fertility in Indonesia. The results of the spatial analysis show that most provinces in Indonesia still have high fertility rates and this pattern is followed by low women's autonomy. Meanwhile, the results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that 7 out of 11 independent variables consisting of female autonomy variables and other control variables significantly affected fertility. Where the independent variables that describe women's autonomy affect on fertility in Indonesia. So that increasing women's autonomy needs to be built in terms of supporting population control.

The Role of Spousal Separation on Norms Related to Gender and Sexuality among Himba Pastoralists

The gender-specific labor demands of arid pastoralism often lead to spousal separation. Men typically respond in one of two ways: engage in mate guarding tactics, or loosen restrictions on female sexuality. Among Himba pastoralists in northwest Namibia, the latter strategy is dominant. Rooted in a history of matriliny, Himba have strong norms promoting female sexual autonomy. We propose that these conditions, combined with a stochastic resource base, have led to women utilizing a combination of formal and informal partnerships to meet their needs and the needs of their children. Aspects of Himba socioecology also increase the costs of mate guarding for men and lower the costs of extra-pair paternity, further bolstering a concurrency strategy. Using a mix of quantitative and qualitative data, we show how spousal separation, female autonomy, and concurrency are linked, and suggest that in this harsh environment having a mix of formal and informal romantic partners may be less costly and more beneficial than a system of monogamous marriage.

Non-invasive technologies in assisting high-risk parturient women: nurse-midwives’ perceptionss

Objective: to know nurse-midwives’ perceptions about factors related with the use of non-invasive care technologies in the care of high-risk parturient women. Methods: qualitative study, with 10 nurse-midwives from the obstetric center of a high-risk maternity hospital in a university hospital. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews and subjected to content analysis. Results: prenatal care with a focus on female autonomy, the availability of specific materials and the sector’s infrastructure are facilitating factors. Work overload, the devaluation of nurse-midwives’ knowledge by some medical professionals and the lack of institutional support for teamwork are limiting factors. Conclusion: the factors referred to show the need to boost collaborative work in assisting high obstetric risk, encourage the use of non-invasive care technologies and improve nurses’ working conditions.

Female autonomy and rural tourism in Tzibanzá, Cadereyta de Montes, Querétaro, Mexico

One of the elements that are disrupted by development is gender roles. These changes are not always negative, and the objective is to identify whether the participation of women in the fishing cooperative and the tourism project of La Isla makes it possible to build autonomy. Ever since the 90s, the Tzibanzá village has been the target of a series of development projects that have included or excluded them in decision-making. However, every project impacted the organization and productive activities and their daily life. Results of an investigation still in progress are presented, which start from the qualitative approach combining quantitative information-gathering techniques: a questionnaire to cooperative members and not cooperative members; and qualitative: non-participant observation, qualitative interviews, and focus groups. The tourism production and project cooperative have operated for just over 20 years with relative success in income, job creation, and participation. Women have been incorporated not necessarily by their own decision, but in their husbands' absence due to migration or the position was inherited. However, participating in activities considered "masculine" leads them to reconsider their role in the community and family, enabling decision-making to previously had no access. Autonomy indeed needs social recognition to be exercised; however, we consider that joining actively and as protagonists in productive activities allows progress.

Love, Sex, Feelings

This chapter argues that social discourses of gender and sexuality shaped how women in postwar Germany could envisage and use migration as a creative life strategy. These discourses were interlaced with an emotional rhetoric that state and church mobilized to control women, and that women employed to fight for autonomy. In particular, state and church authorities sought to link public fears about national sovereignty and demands for political security to private fears about female autonomy, morality, and sexuality. Women responded in new and creative ways to the continued sexualization of their agency, and together with their male correspondents insisted on strong emotional bonds already established through the correspondence; in particular, women emphasized the innocence and purity of their epistolary relationships.