The course of labor in term patients with concomitant acute intestinal infections

BACKGROUND: Literature data on the course of labor in women with concomitant acute intestinal infections are very scarce. Individual works and articles are devoted to the coverage of this most important final stage of pregnancy. There are no developed specific tactics of labor management in patients with acute intestinal infections, therefore obstetricians and gynecologists have to use generally accepted standards of labor management in this group of patients, without having a clear idea of the frequency and nature of clinically relevant complications in childbirth. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the course of labor in women with concomitant AIIs at full-term pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 120 patients aged 19 to 39 years, delivered in Clinical Infectious Disease Hospital named after S.P. Botkin, St. Petersburg in 2017-2019. The main group consisted of 60 women with concomitant acute intestinal infections who gave birth, and the comparison group comprised 60 conditionally healthy women. The spectrum of acute intestinal infection pathogens in pregnant women, the course of labor, complications during labor and the condition of newborns were evaluated. RESULTS: Women of the both study groups did not differ in the duration of labor and the anhydrous interval, the frequency of birth abnormalities, the volume of blood loss, and the frequency of maternal injury and complications in the postpartum period. The frequency of premature rupture of membranes, acute and chronic fetal hypoxia, and episiotomy was higher in patients of the main group. Asphyxia in the first minute after birth was also more common in newborns from women with concomitant acute intestinal infections. CONCLUSIONS: Acute intestinal infections may complicate the course of labor. Labor management in women with concomitant acute intestinal infections requires continuous monitoring of the condition of the fetus during labor and the provision of timely medical care to the newborn.

Maternal Mortality Litigation Review

Obstetrics and gynecology is considered one of the most litigious medical specialties; medical negligence and malpractice lawsuits are frequently filed to seek damages for improper medical care during childbirth. In fact, several studies have shown that a much greater percentage of maternal injury claims result in settlements or judgments as compared to other specialties. A considerable number of these claims can be linked to postpartum hemorrhage, or excessive bleeding following vaginal birth or cesarean delivery. This study aims to identify cases where postpartum hemorrhage contributed to maternal morbidity or mortality and led to a lawsuit. A review of litigation surrounding this topic was conducted using the Nexis Uni database from January 2011 to December 2020. Inclusion criteria consisted of maternal mortality cases due to postpartum hemorrhage, which discussed legal causes like medical negligence or obstetric violence. Evaluation of the litigation search results demonstrated various elements most associated with postpartum hemorrhage-related maternal injury litigation. Understanding challenges which arise most frequently in postnatal care settings will be useful in improving maternal health outcomes.

DYSFUNCTIONAL MECHANISMS OF ADAPTATIONS A RESULT OF PATHOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DAUGHTER AND MOTHER

The article raises the question of women’s dysfunctional mechanisms of adaptation as a consequence of pathological relationships with the mother. Particular attention is paid to such of them: interpersonal dependence, depression, anxiety, frustration, aggression, rigidity. The Hirschfeld Interpersonal Dependency Inventory, the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire were used for an empirical study. In order to achieve these goals, a sample of 40 women aged 20 to 25 years was formed. A sample of this age allows you to look at a woman as an already established personality, and highlights the trends and characteristics of her interactions with others. The result of the study proved that the representatives of single-parent families have a greater degree of severity for all the indicators were given (interpersonal dependence, depression, anxiety, frustration, aggression, rigidity). This means that the absence of a permanent mother’s partner (along with other factors covered in the article) catalyzes and promotes the process of forming the pathological relationship between a daughter and mother, which in turn becomes the basis for the formation of dysfunctional mechanisms of adaptation to the daughter as an expression of maternal injury. Maternal trauma or a mother complex is defined as the collective concept of a daughter and mother pathological relationship negative consequences. This is explained by the fact that the daughter in these conditions becomes the only one object of the projections of mother’s fears, desires and dissatisfied needs, besides, she becomes the only source of love. A harmonious relationship with the mother is the basis for a full-fledged personality formation, while a natural interaction violation in the form of a fierce struggle for similarity and difference leads to an inadequate perception of the world and oneself, which is transferred to all subsequent generations in a closed circle.

Dystocia due to Fetal Malposture in a Jenny: A Case Report

Reproductive aspect of Jenny is very similar to that of Mare being that they both belong to the same genus Equus. The average length of gestation in donkeys varies between 10½ to 14½ months (Kirby, 1989). Dystocia is defined as any birth that reduces neonatal viability, causes maternal injury or requires assistance (Purohit and Honnappagole, 2009). Dystocia is much more common in primipara than pluripara (Roberts, 1986). Dystocia in Jenny can be caused by abnormalities of either maternal or foetal origin. In view of above facts a case of dystocia in Jenny due to right lateral deviation of fetal head with flexed left shoulder and its delivery by mutation is placed on record.

Comparative characteristic of pregnancy and delivery in adolescents and women of average reproductive age

The article provides a comparative characteristic the main clinical parameters of pregnancy and delivery in adolescents and women of average reproductive age. The results of this study generally confirm the literature data on the greater frequency of complications of pregnancy and childbirth in juvenile women than in women of average reproductive age. Thus, significantly more frequently in pregnant adolescents dated anemia, preeclampsia, fetal malnutrition, during delivery more frequently dated premature rupture of membranes, perineotomy and newborn injury. At the same time, significant differences in the incidence of weakness of labor activity, hemorrhage, neonatal asphyxia and maternal injury was not observed according to our data, which is not consistent with the known literature data.