Correlation between the Size of Tumour with Early Postoperative Serum Sodium Imbalance in Sellar and Suprasellar Space Occupying Lesion after Transsphenoidal surgery

Background: Seller and suprasellar space occupying lesions are frequently encountered intracranial lesions now-a-days. Surgery through transsphenoidal route is the most preferable approach which is frequently performed for excision of these space occupying lesions. The lesions are located in a very critical area because they are surrounded by the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and cavernous sinus which are responsible to maintain various hormonal functions as well as regulation of plasma osmolality and plasma electrolytes. So, during and after operation various types of osmolality and electrolytes related complications are often encountered. Among them serum sodium imbalance is the most frequent one. Objective: Tumour size is one of the very important predisposing factors which influence the serum sodium level after surgery. For investigating the correlation between the size of sellar and suprasellar space occupying lesions with the incidence of postoperative sodium imbalance after transsphenoidal surgery of the patient having these lesions. Material and method: Thirty patients with sellar and suprasellar space occupying lesions meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled. The largest diameter of the tumour was measured in the coronal or sagittal planes from pre-operative MRI’s. They underwent transsphenoidal surgery and were observed for first 7 postoperative days and serum electrolytes was measured every day. Patients in this study were considered to have serum sodium imbalance if the narrow range of 135-145 mmol/L was not maintained. Then according to the tumour size they were divided in to two groups. Then the two groups were compared and the frequency of development of post-operative sodium imbalance, their time of onset and types of imbalances were observed. Result: 60% of the patients in our study developed post operative serum sodium imbalance after transsphenoidal surgery. Among them 40% of the patients developed hypernatraemia, 13.3% of the patient developed hyponatraemia and only 6.7% patient developed combined imbalance. Hypernatraemia is more common than hyponatraemia after transsphenoidal surgery. Peak incidence of hyponatraemia occurred on 3rd post-operative day and hypernatraemia occurred at 1st postoperative day. In the large size tumour group (>30mm) 46.66% had serum sodium imbalance and imbalance was observed in 13.33% of the small size group (d”30mm) and there is significant difference of sodium imbalance between large and small size group and p-value was 0.001. r- value 0.776 indicates that the size of the tumour strongly correlates with postoperative sodium imbalance and there is significant association between size of the tumour with sodium imbalance. The study found no significant association between age, sex or types of the lesions with postoperative sodium imbalance (p=0.43). Conclusion: Post operative serum sodium imbalance after transsphenoidal surgery is a burning issue for the neurosurgeon now a day. Early prediction of these types of notorious complication is helpful for preoperative and post operative management of the patient. The size of the lesion is one of the most significant markers. As well as a strong association between size of the tumour with post operative sodium imbalance was found. This will help us in perioperative management of the patients, and reduces complication related mortality and morbidity after the transsphenoidal surgery. Bang. J Neurosurgery 2020; 10(1): 82-91

Identification of Microplastic Composition on Clams (Gafrarium tumidum) and Sediments in Seribu Island, Pari Island Area, DKI Jakarta

Microplastic is one of the pollutants that can contaminate marine biota even spread in sea waters and coastal substrate because of the sizes ranges to 10 μm - 2 mm. This pollutant is spread in marine waters and found in the area of Seribu Island, Pari Island Area, DKI Jakarta. This research aims to identify the amount of abundance, type, size, and color of microplastic that was found in sediment and shell samples. The research method used was a survey method and laboratory analysis. The method consists of three parts, namely field data collection, identification using a microscope, and describing the results of identification. All sediment and shell samples were identified as being contaminated with microplastics. Microplastic are found in fiber, fragment, and film type. That color found including black, yellow, red, blue, green, chocolate, and clear. The most dominant microplastic color is black and the most dominant microplastic size is the small size group. The highest microplastic abundance in sediment samples from 3 stations is found in samples taken by station 2 with an average of 43.67 particles. 100 g-1 of dry sediment and the most dominant type is the fiber type from all sediment samples. The most dominant type of mussels sample is fragment type and the average abundance of microplastics in the highest sample of mussels is worth 17.33 particles.ind-1.

Coherent Random Lasing Realized in Polymer Vesicles

We have demonstrated the realization of a coherent vesicle random lasing (VRL) from the dye doped azobenzene polymer vesicles self-assembled in the tetrahydrofuran-water system, which contains a double-walled structure: a hydrophilic and hydrophobic part. The effect of the dye and azobenzene polymer concentration on the threshold of random laser has been researched. The threshold of random laser decreases with an increase in the concentration of the pyrromethene 597 (PM597) laser and azobenzene polymer. Moreover, the scattering of small size group vesicles is attributed to providing a loop to boost the coherent random laser through the Fourier transform analysis. Due to the vesicles having the similar structure with the cell, the generation of coherent random lasers from vesicles expand random lasers to the biomedicine filed.

POLA PERTUMBUHAN DAN FAKTOR KONDISI TONGKOL KOMO, Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849) DI PERAIRAN TANJUNG LUAR NUSA TENGGARA BARAT

Tongkol komo (Euthynnus affinis Cantor, 1849) merupakan salah satu hasil tangkapan yang cukup penting bagi perikanan skala kecil di Tanjung Luar, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Spesies ini masuk ke dalam kelompok tuna neritik yang sebagian besar diusahakan dengan menggunakan alat tangkap purse seine dan gillnet. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola pertumbuhan dan faktor kondisi tongkol komo. Pengumpulan data dilakukan selama 12 bulan dari Januari – Desember 2016 di PPI Tanjung Luar, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Pengambilan data bulanan secara berkesinambungan dilakukan dengan bantuan tenaga enumerator. Data sebanyak 1.297 spesimen komo telah diukur panjang cagak (cmFL) dan ditimbang beratnya (kg). Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan sebaran panjang berkisar antara 24 – 71 cmFL, dengan rata-rata 51,66 cmFL dan berat 0,21 – 7,05 kg, dengan rata-rata 2,72 kg. Analisis hubungan panjang berat diperoleh hasil W= 0,00001 FL3,114 dengan koefisien determinasi (R2) 0,978. Pola pertumbuhan bersifat alometrik positif (b>3) menunjukkan bahwa pertambahan berat lebih cepat daripada pertambahan panjangnya. Faktor kondisi relatif (Kn) tertinggi terjadi pada batas atas kelas panjang 45 cm sebesar 1,187 dan terendah terjadi pada batas atas kelas panjang 30 cm sebesar 0,940. Faktor kondisi relatif bulanan cenderung stabil dengan nilai tertinggi terjadi pada bulan November sebesar 1,140 dan terendah pada bulan Maret sebesar 1,033 dan cenderung berfluktuasi pada ikan-ikan berukuran kecil, sedangkan pada ikan berukuran dewasa menunjukkan tren yang menurun seiring dengan bertambahnya ukuran panjang.Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis Cantor, 1849) one of the important catch for small-scale fisheries in Tanjung Luar, West Nusa Tenggara. This species is included in neritic tuna group that mostly utilized by using purse seine and gillnet. The objectives of this research are to investigate the growth pattern and condition factor of this particular species. Data collection was conducted for 12 months from January to December 2016 in Tanjung Luar Port, West Nusa Tenggara. Data were collected in twelve consecutive months by enumerators. Total of 1,297 specimens were collected, measured (cmFL) and weighted (kg). The measurements showed that the length of ranged from 24-71 cmFL with average of 51.66 cmFL. The weight ranged from 0.21-7.05 kg with average of 2.72 kg. Analysis of length-weight relationships was W=0.00001 FL3.114 with determination coefficient (R2) 0.978. Growth pattern of positive allometric (b>3) where the additional of weight proceeded faster than the of length increments. The highest relative condition factor (Kn) occurred at upper limit of length class 45 cm with 1.187 and the lowest at 30 cmFL with 0.940. Monthly relative condition factor tends to stable with the highest value occurred on November with 1.140 and the lowest on March with 1.033 and tend to fluctuated for small size group. While for adult fish tend to decrease along with the length increase.

Large scale synchronous mating and the study of macronuclear development in Euplotes crassus.

After conjugation in hypotrichous ciliates, a new macronucleus is produced from a copy of the micronucleus. This transformation involves large-scale reorganization of DNA, with conversion of the chromosomal micronuclear genome into short, gene-sized DNA molecules in the macronucleus. To study directly the changes that occur during this process, we have developed techniques for synchronous mating of large populations of the hypotrichous ciliate Euplotes crassus. Electron microscope studies show that the micronuclear chromosomes are polytenized during the first 20 h of macronuclear development. The polytene chromosomes lack the band-interband organization observed in other hypotrichs and in the Diptera. Polytenization is followed by transectioning of the chromosomes. We isolated DNA at various times of macronuclear development and found that the average molecular weight of the DNA decreases at the time of chromosome transectioning. In addition, we have shown that a small size group of macronuclear DNA molecules (450-550 base pairs) is excised from the chromosomal DNA approximately 10 h later in macronuclear development.