Ефективність івермектину за псороптозу кролів і його вплив на систему антиоксидантного захисту та перекисне окиснення ліпідів

Наведено дані щодо лікувальної ефективності місцевого та системного застосування «Профіверм 1%» (O.L.KAR., Україна), діючою речовиною якого є івермектин, за псороптозної інвазії кролів, а також вплив його на рівень ферментів антиоксидантної системи та перекисного окислення ліпідів. Виявлено, що як системне, так і місцеве застосування засобу має виражену лікувальну ефективність (Е=100 % та 96 % відповідно) відносно свербунових кліщів кролів виду Psoroptes cuniculi. Гематологічними дослідженнями крові доведено, що найбільш ефективною лікувальною схемою є використання засобу шляхом місцевого нанесення, що підтверджується й показниками рівня ферментів антиоксидантної системи та продуктів перекисного окислення ліпідів, порівняно з системним застосуванням засобу. Psoroptosis is an invasive disease of rabbits caused by ear mange mites Psoroptes cuniculi. The disease leads to weight loss in rabbits, mortality of young animals, deterioration of the quality of fur and causes significant economic damage to farms. Consequently, it is appropriate to develop technically simple, cheap and effective treatment of psoroptosis in rabbits. In addition, at the present stage of formation of a well-off system for the keeping rabbits and the European Convention for the Protection of Animals, there is necessity to minimize pain and distress factors. The purpose of our research is to determine the effectiveness of Profiverm 1% (O.L.KAR., Ukraine) for rabbits infested with ear mites Ps. cuniculi with local and systemic application. The research objective is to determine the effect of ivermectin-based drug on the level of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxide oxidation. It has been found that the Profiverm 1% (O.L.KAR., Ukraine) on the basis of ivermectin is effective at doses of 200 mcg and 400 mcg (E = 100%) for rabbits infected with Psoroptosis. The efficacy of Profiverm 1% (O.L.KAR., Ukraine) for systemic and topical application for rabbits infected with Psoroptosis has high therapeutic effectiveness (E = 96-100%). It has been found that the level of enzymes of the antioxidant system (catalase and superoxide dismutase) and lipid peroxidation products (malonic dialdehyde and diene conjugates) indicate faster reversal of oxidative processes organism following topical administration of ivermectin than with subcutaneous injections in rabbits infested with ear mites Ps. cuniculi.

Therapeutic management of Dermatosis in Rabbits

Psoroptic mange occurs in the ears of domestic and wild animals, particularly in the ears of rabbits. It is caused by Psoroptes cuniculi (Darzi and Samuel, 2001, Bhardwaj et al., 2012). It is a common parasitic disease problem in both pet and commercial rabbits. These ear mites do not burrow, they feed on skin tissue, which irritates the skin and causes lesions and subsequently produces the scabs which protect the mites from the environment and shield them from removal by the animal when it scratches. In India with hot and humid climate, the incidence of the skin infections especially mange in the rabbits is very high (Aulakh et al ., 2003). Mange leads to listlessness, anorexia, emaciation complication of middle or inner ear, wry neck and deaths resulting in considerable economic losses (Ravindran et al ., 2000). Ivermectin is used as a broad spectrum parasiticide in domestic animals and is also recommended for treatment of ear mange in rabbits. Several studies have been conducted on the dose levels and duration of parentral administration of ivermectin in rabbits affected with ear mange (Fajimi et al ., 2002, Jana et al .,2004, Hansen et al. ,2005, Panigrahi and Gupta, 2013). The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of parentral administration followed by oral administration of ivermectin against Psoroptic

Successful Treatment of Demodex gatoi with 10% Imidacloprid/1% Moxidectin

Demodex gatoi is a transmissible, short-bodied mite found in the stratum corneum of cats. It is known to cause moderate to intense pruritus, often manifested as self-induced alopecia and excoriations. 10% imidacloprid/1% moxidectina is a monthly, topical solution indicated for the treatment and/or prevention of fleas, heartworms, intestinal parasites, and ear mites. A household of cats was presented for pruritus that ranged from mild to severe in 8 of the 13 felines. The most common clinical signs included miliary-type papular dermatitis and focal areas of erythema associated with alopecia. Multiple skin scrapings of each animal revealed Demodex gatoi mites in only two cats. Weekly topical administration of 10% imidacloprid/1% moxidectin was used on all cats in the household for a total of ten doses. Skin scrapings following treatment were negative, and all cats in the house improved. Based on the successful treatment of this small number of cats, weekly application of 10% imidacloprid/1% moxidectin should be considered for the clinical resolution of cats affected by D. gatoi.

Video otoscopy as a diagnostic tool for canine otoacariasis

Canine otoacariasis, or otodectic mange, is a common parasitic disorder of dogs' ear canals caused by the mite Otodectes cynotis. Infestation can be detected through diverse protocols of varying sensitivity. We evaluated the use of video otoscopy in comparison with conventional otoscopy and cerumen examination under a microscope for diagnosingO. cynotis in dogs. Thirty-five dogs were evaluated bilaterally for the presence of ear mites, using a veterinary otoscope (Gowlands®), a video otoscope (Welch Allyn®) and the gold-standard technique of examination of swab-collected cerumen under a microscope. Each ear was considered to represent one sample, and 69 ears were examined, since one dog presented with one completely stenotic ear canal. Ear mites were diagnosed in 59.42% (41/69) through video otoscopy. The same 41 infested ear canals were detected by means of cerumen examination under a microscope, whereas conventional otoscopy was able to diagnose mites in only 39.13% (27/69). This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Video otoscopy proved to be superior to conventional otoscopy, and equivalent to the gold standard for detection of O. cynotis in canine ear canals, and should be recommended for controlled trials on drug efficacy for treatment of canine otoacariasis.