The comparative evaluation of complex drugs based on fipronil for ectoparasitosis of dogs and cats

The article presents data on the effectiveness of new domestic antiparasitic drug “Insectostop for dogs and cats” in comparison to the reference drugs “Burdi Fipro for dogs” and “Burdi Fipro for cats” that is used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes against ectoparasitosis of dogs and cats of different breeds. According to the results of the research, the parasitism of fleas of Ctenocephalus canis, C. felis and Pulex irritans species and parasitiform mites of the Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus species and sarcoptiform mites of the species Otodectes cynotis were detected on experimental animals. Clinically, this was inspected by redness, inflammation of the skin, itching reflex, the emergence of papules on the skin, scales. Based on the results, it was found that 8 hours after usage of the experimental drug “Insectostop for dogs and cats” its effectiveness in syphonapterosis of dogs was 87.9 %, and after usage of the reference drug “Bourdie Fipro for dogs” – 86.9 %, and in experiments on cats, the effectiveness of the experimental drug for siphonapterosis in cats was 92.4 %, and the reference drug “Bourdie Fipro for cats” – 90.3 %. Starting from the first and third days after usage of drugs on the fur of dogs and cats of the experimental and control groups, parasitological studies did not reveal fleas of the species Ctenocephalus canis, C. felis and Pulex irritans. So starting from the first day, the experimental and reference drugs showed 100 % effectiveness during the siphonapterosis in dogs and cats. During the ixodidosis of dogs, it was found that at the 8-th hour after usage of the experimental drug “Insectostop for dogs and cats” its effectiveness was 82.9 %, and after usage of the reference drug “Bourdie Fipro for dogs” – 81.3 %. At the 24-th hour after usage of the experimental drug, its effectiveness was 97.6 %, and after usage of the reference drug – 95.9 %. At the 72nd hour of the experiment, no adult representatives of the species Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus were found on the fur of dogs of these groups. Thus, at 72 hours after usage of the experimental and reference drug, they showed 100 % efficiency on adult Ixodes mites. During the Otodectesis of dogs it was found that on the 7th day, effectiveness of the experimental drug was 75.6 %, on the 14th day – 98.1 % and after usage of the reference drug “Bourdi Fipro for dogs” its effectiveness on the 7th day was 73.5 %, and on the 14th – 98.3 %. At 21-st days after treatment of animals with drugs as a result of clinical examination and parasitological examination of dogs mites of the species Otodectes cynotis were not detected. In experiments on cats, on the 7th day after usage of experimental drug, its effectiveness during Otodectesis of cats was 76.9 %, and after usage of reference drug – 77.1 %. As a result of clinical examination and parasitological study of the experimental and control groups of animals on the 14th day after treatment of the auricles of cats with mites of the species Otodectes cynotis was not detected. Thus, usage of both drugs promotes the release of Otodectesis in dogs from parasites on the 21st day of the experiment, and cats – on the 14th day. Tests have shown that the experimental drug “Insectostop for dogs and cats” (100 ml of the drug contains the active substance: fipronil – 10 g) does not cause skin irritation, dermatitis, seborrhea, allergic and other side effects, that the drug is well tolerated by dogs and cats and doesn’t give any side effects and changes of clinical condition of animals.

Prevalensi Otodectes cynotis pada kucing di Klinik Hewan Dunia Satwa Batusangkar, Sumatera Barat

Otodectes cynotis merupakan tungau yang dapat ditemukan di dalam saluran eksternal telinga kucing. Tungau ini menyebabkan kucing menggaruk-garuk telinga, memiringkan telinga dan dapat menyebabkan othematom. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerangkan prevalensi infestasi Otodectes cynotis pada kucing di Klinik Hewan Dunia Satwa Batusangkar. Sumatera Barat Pemeriksaan dan identifikasi tungau Otodectes cynotis pada 20 ekor kucing. Ras kucing yang diperiksa yaitu kucing Domestik, Angora, Himalaya, Persia, dan kucing campuran (mix breed), Pengambilan sampel berupa serumen atau kotoran telinga kucing. Hasil pemeriksaan menunjukkan sebanyak 8 dari 20 (40%) kucing di Klinik Hewan Dunia Satwa Batusangkar terindentifikasi positif terinfestasi tungau Otodectes cynotis.

Laporan Kasus: Gingivostomatitis dan Infeksi Ektoparasit Parasite Otodectes Ccynotis pada Kuping Kucing Lokal

Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) merupakan inflamasi yang menimbulkan rasa nyeri dan sering terjadi pada rongga mulut kucing. Hewan kasus adalah seekor kucing ras lokal, jenis kelamin jantan, berumur empat tahun, bobot berat badan 5,5 kg, dan rambut berwarna kuning putih. Pemilik datang dengan keluhan kucing mengalami penurunan nafsu makan dan minum, dan satu minggu sebelumnya kucing sempat memuntahkan makanan ketika diberi pakan kering serta kucing terlihat kesulitan mengunyah makanannya. Pada pemeriksaan klinis rongga mulut teramati terdapat peradangan pada gusi dari bagian kranial hingga kaudal. Peradangan pada mukosa mulut terjadi bilateral dan terlihat jelas adanya ulserasi, kemerahan, kebengkakan dan ketidak nyamanan kucing saat dilakukan pembukaan rongga mulut. Kucing kasus didiagnosis sebagai gingivostomatitis dengan prognosis fausta. Disamping itu pPada rongga telinga bagian dalam terlihat kotoran serumen kering berwarna coklat kehitaman. Pemeriksaan mikroskopis atas kotoran kering ditemukan tungau parasit Otodectes cynotis. Pengobatan terhadap gingivostomatitis dilakukan dengan pemberian dexamethasone 0,50 mg/kg BB (satu kali sehari) selama lima hari injeksi, cefotaxime 330 mg/kg BB (dua kali sehari) selama tujuh hari injeksi, infus RL selama tujuh hari, dan multivitamin hematodin 0,2 mL/kg BB (sekali sehari) selama tiga hari injeksi. Satu minggu pasca pengobatan, hewan kasus berangsur pulih dan terjadi kesembuhan. Terhadap infestasi infeksi O. cynotis diberikan pengobatan tetes telinga illium ear drops (dua kali sehari) selama satu minggu. Pada pemeriksaan serumen kotoran telinga setelah seminggu, tungau O. cynotis tidak ditemukan. Pengobatan yang diberikan terhadap gingivostomatitis hanya bersifat simtomatis tetapi tidak pada agen penyebab infeksi secara kausatif sehingga kasus berulang pada tujuh hari setelah pengobatan dilakukan sehingga dianjurkan untuk dilakukan cabut/ekstraksi gigi.

Efficacy of Oral Sarolaner for the Treatment of Feline Otodectic Mange

Otodectes cynotis is a mite with a cosmopolitan distribution that is the primary agent for the development of otitis externa in feline species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the oral administration of sarolaner for the treatment of feline otodectic mange. We used 20 adult cats of both sexes that were naturally infested with O. cynotis. The mite infestation scoring was performed by video-otoscopy before treatment. The cats were randomized according to the infestation score and divided into two groups (treated and control). The treated group underwent oral administration of sarolaner in a single dose of 2–4 mg/kg. The evaluations were performed by video-otoscopy to evaluate the reduction of infestation score 2, 4, 6, 24 and 48 h and 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after medication. At the end of the study, the cats were sedated to enable the recovery of live and dead mites to determine efficacy. No adverse effects or laboratory changes were observed in these cats. Sarolaner showed 100% efficacy 48 h after treatment. Based on the results, a single oral dose of sarolaner was effective in controlling otodectic mange in naturally infested cats.

Otodectic and bacterial etiology of feline otitis externa in Tripoli, Libya

Background: Feline otitis externa is a dermatological disorder with a multifactorial complex etiology.Aim: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of different etiological agents, particularly the parasitic and bacterial, responsible for the cases of feline otitis externa in Tripoli, Libya, and to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of the bacterial isolates from those cases.Methods: Cerumen and otic discharges of the suspected cats were collected for parasite detection and bacterial culture. Kirby–Bauer’s disk diffusion method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.Results: The results showed that otodectic mites and bacterial causes were equally the most prevalent in those cases, with a prevalence of 47.1% each. Otodectes cynotis infestation was more frequently bilateral and severe. Staphylococcus spp. were the most prevalent among bacterial causes (75%), followed by Proteus spp. (16.6%) and Pseudomonas spp. (8.4%). Norfloxacin and gentamicin were the most effective antimicrobials against bacterial isolates, as they were effective against 83.3% and 70.8% of isolates, respectively.Conclusion: Otodectes cynotis infestation and staphylococcal infections constituted the most common etiology of feline otitis externa in Tripoli, Libya, and norfloxacin represented a cogent antibacterial for the treatment of otitis externa.

Mange skin diseases in dogs and cats in Jataí, Brazil: A retrospective study with notes on zoonotic aspects

The parasitic skin diseases, specifically mange diseases, are highly relevant in the animal health studies, due to a significant number of cases in the veterinary routine, beyond the importance in public health, due to zoonotic potential. Therefore, this study aimed report the occurrence of mange skin diseases with notes in the zoonotic potential from Jataí, Goiás, by an retrospective survey of mange cases diagnosed in dogs and cats treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Jataí. A total of 612 reports of parasitological tests, comprising cerumen swabs and skin scraping, were analyzed from January 2016 to December 2019. The most common causative mite in dogs was Demodex canis (10.94%), followed by Otodectes cynotis (2.92%), and Sarcoptes scabiei (2.54%). The most common causative mite in cats was Notoedres cati (20%), followed by O. cynotis (10%). These skin diseases are characterized as being highly contagious; therefore, these can be easily transmitted among animals and even humans. In addition, intense itching and skin lesions lead to discomfort, consequently causing stress to the animals. Thus, mite control as well as prompt diagnosis and treatment are relevant to manage these skin diseases and ensure animal welfare.

Efficacy of a novel topical combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel against ear mite (Otodectes cynotis) infestations in cats

Esafoxolaner, a purified enantiomer of afoxolaner with insecticidal and acaricidal properties, is combined with eprinomectin and praziquantel, nematodicidal and cestodicidal compounds, in NexGard® Combo, a novel topical endectoparasiticide formulation for cats. The efficacy of this formulation was assessed against Otodectes cynotis in two laboratory studies conducted in South Africa and in the USA with local isolates, and in one field trial conducted in Europe. In each study, cats were randomly allocated to a placebo-treated control group and a novel formulation-treated group. In the laboratory studies, cats were treated at the minimum recommended dose; in the field trial, cats were treated at label dose. All included cats were diagnosed positive for O. cynotis prior to treatment by otoscopy. The main variable of efficacy was a comparison of the number of live O. cynotis collected in both ear canals of all cats in the treated and control groups, one month after treatment. Efficacy of the novel topical formulation exceeded 97% in the three studies. These studies demonstrated the high effectiveness of NexGard® Combo in cats for the treatment of O. cynotis infestations. No health abnormalities were attributed to the treatment in any of the studies.

Study of Opportunistic Pathogenic Microflora in Otodectosis of Small Domestic Animals

According to statistical data, 10-20 % of dogs and cats get an appointment with a veterinarian because of otitis externa - inflammation of the skin of the external auditory canal. The large role in the development of the inflammatory process in the auditory canal belongs to the epidermal staphylococcus, which often complicates the course of otitis caused by the parasitic ear mite Otodectes cynotis. The high sensitivity of epidermal staphylococcus to ampicillin, cefazolin and levomycetin allows us to recommend these antibiotics as a means of local treatment along with acaricides and antihistamines in the complex therapy of otodectosis of small domestic animals.

КЛІНІЧНИЙ ПРОЯВ ОТОДЕКТОЗНОЇ ІНВАЗІЇ В СОБАК

Отодектоз є досить поширеним акарозним захворюванням серед собак, яке викликане паразиту-ванням мікроскопічних кліщів Otodectes cynotis (Hering, 1838) у слуховому проході та на внутрішній поверхні вушних раковин. Збудник хвороби не має суворої видової специфічності, а тому на отодек-тоз хворіють коти, собаки і навіть хутрові звірі, що розширює ареал господарів та є потенційним джерелом зараження для здорових тварин. Особливо схильний до інвазії молодняк, якого часто за-ражає їхня мати, починаючи з перших днів життя, що ж стосується дорослих тварин, то досить часто хвороба в них протікає безсимптомно, і такі тварини є носіями. Здебільшого хвороба прояв-ляється асиметрично (тільки на одному вусі). Із загальних клінічних ознак необхідно виділити такі: собака часто струшує головою та чеше вуха, наявність подряпин та запалення шкірного покриву як на поверхні, так і в середині слухового проходу; поява неприємного запаху з уражених вух. У кожно-му окремому випадку та за наявності різних форм перебігу ці симптоми можуть змінюватися та бути більш або менш вираженими. Тому метою цього дослідження було встановити особливості клінічної картини за наявності різних форм перебігу отодектозної інвазії в собак. Встановлено, що отодектоз є поширеною інвазією в собак на території міст Полтави та Білої Церкви – ЕІ=20,48 %. Зареєстровано дві форми перебігу захворювання – хронічну (85,53 %) та гостру (14,47 %). Хронічна форма перебігу характеризувалася почервонінням у ділянці уражених вух (100,00%), струшуванням голови та утворенням у вушних раковинах кірочок у незначній кількості (97,69 %), набряками й свер-бежем (90,77 й 88,46 %). Гостра форма характеризувалась інтенсивним свербежем, струшуванням твариною головою, почервонінням і болючістю при пальпації вух (100,00 %), а також набряками й виділенням з уражених вух гнійного ексудату (95,45 й 86,36 % відповідно). При вивченні показників температури тіла, пульсу й дихання у хворих на отодектоз собак виявлено такі зміни. У разі хроніч-ного перебігу у групі хворих тварин реєстрували підвищення температури тіла в середньому до 38,64 °C (р<0,01), а у разі гострого – до 39,61 °C (р<0,001). Також фіксували підвищення частоти пульсу у разі хронічного перебігу в середньому до 114,80 уд./хв., а гострого – до 126,90 уд./хв (р<0,01 та р<0,001). Встановлено, що у групах, хворих на отодектоз собак, за наявності хронічного та гос-трого перебігів зафіксовано підвищення кількості дихальних рухів у середньому до 21,80 та 34,60 дих.рух./хв, відповідно (р<0,001).