Survey of Wood-Decaying Fungi from Vaijapur Taluka,Aurangabad (M.S.) India

The survey and collection of wood-decaying fungi were carried from Vaijapur Taluka, Aurangabad (M.S.) India. Thirty-seven wood-decaying fungi were collected from July 2016 to November 2019 after a regular interval, 20 to 25 days after heavy rainfall. From that eleven different genus and twelve species of macro-fungi were identified according to morphological and microscopic features. Based on observations the Auricularia mesenterica, Flavodon flavus, Phellinus badius and Schizophyllum commune are dominating macrofungi while Cellulariella acuta, Daldinia concentric, Funalia floccosa, Ganoderma lucidum, Leucocoprinus cepistipes, Phellinus gilvus, Trametes cingulata and Xylaria polymorpha were rarely observed macro-fungi.

Gut microbiota-derived 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid mediates the anti-colitis effect of Phellinus gilvus in mice

Background: The gut microbiota plays crucial roles in various diseases and mediates the therapeutic effect of many drugs. Results: In this study, we found that ingestion of Phellinus gilvus extract (SH), a traditional Chinese medical mushroom, effectively ameliorated dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colits in mice, and the gut microbes were essential for its therapeutic effect. The enrichment of Alistipes spp. especially A. onderdonkii was highly associated with the amelioration of colitis by SH, and oral gavage of live A. onderdonkii potently and strain-specifically mitigated DSS-induced colitis in mice. 5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5HIAA), a structural analogue of a known aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activator indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), was significantly enriched after SH treatment and exhibited more potent anti-colitis efficiency than IAA in mice.Conclusion: Our results demonstrated the gut microbiota-derived 5HIAA could be an effective candidate in treatment of colitis, and modulation of the gut microbiota-indole derives-AhR pathway may be a novel strategy in development of next-generational anti-colitis drugs.

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF THE ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF THE FRUIT BODIES OF PHELLINUS GILVUS

Five fungal secondary metabolites named 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3,6-dimethoxybenzene (1); ergosterol (2); ergosterol peroxide (3); (E)- 4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)but-3-en-2-one (4) and [Bi-1,4-cyclohexandien-1-yl]-3,3’,6,6’-tetrone, 4, 4’-dihydroxyl-2,2’,5,5’-tetramethyl (5) were purified from ethyl acetate extract of the fruit bodies of Phellinus gilvus collected at Pu Mat national park, Nghe An province. Their structures were charaterized by 1D, 2D NMR and GC-MS spectroscopies. Especially, the structure of compound 1 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The antimicrobial and cytotoxicity activities of compounds 1 were also evaluated. This is the first report on the chemical constituents of Vietnamese Phellinus gilvus.

CATATAN BEBERAPA JAMUR MAKRO DARI PULAU ENGGANO: DIVERSITAS DAN POTENSINYA

A Thirty one species of macro fungi which belong to phylum Basidiomycota and Ascomycota were found from three villages in Enggano Island. Among those, nine species are new records for Sumatera, namely Phellinus gilvus, Fomitella supina, Flaviporus liebmannii, Coriolopsis polyzona, Flabellophora sp., Trichaptum byssogenum, Stecherrinum sp., Stereum cf. pergameneum dan Trametes cf. villosa, whilst other two species, namely Cookeina cremeirosea and Fomitella supina are new for Indonesia. One species, Phellinus gilvus, has been known as a harmful parasite on rubber plantation. Six are recognized as edible mushrooms, namely Pleurotus ostreatus, Volvariella volvacea, Schizophyllum commune, Auricularia auricula-judae, Lentinus sajor-caju, and Panus neostrigosus. Two species, Favolus grammocephalus and Panus neostrigosus are therapeutic agents, and two others, Earliella scabrosa and Pycnoporus sanguineus are potential species as color degradation agents.

A Study on Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Trunk Decay by Phellinus gilvus (Schw.) Pat. from Himachal Pradesh, India

A severe white rot decay of a very old mango (Mangifera indica L.) tree trunk was observed form Himachal Pradesh, a hilly state of north India. The initial of decaying symptoms were firstly noticed in 2010 which progressed with destructive tissue death of tree trunk. A spongy, sessile, bracket-fungus was found associated with the decay. Morphological and microscopic examination of the collected specimens confirmed the fungus as Phellinus gilvus (Schw.) Pat. Since, P. gilvus is a saprobic fungus having a wide host range worldwide and M. indica is one of the most attacked hosts in India. Therefore, the present report is an important addition to the existing knowledge which will be helpful in understanding the pathogen diversity and interaction with host.