Detection and Location of Earth Fault in MV Feeders Using Screen Earthing Current Measurements

The paper analyzes the utilization of cable screen currents for earth fault identification and location. Attention is paid on cable and mixed feeders—cable and overhead lines. The principle of operation is based on utilization of 3 criterion values: Ratio of cable screen earthing current and zero sequence cable core current—RF110/15, phase shift between cable screen earthing current and zero sequence cable core current—α and cable screen admittance defined as a ratio of cable screen earthing current and zero sequence voltage—Y0cs. Earth fault location is possible thanks to discovered relation between RF110/15 and α, whereas Y0cs allows for reliable detection of earth faults. Detection and identification are very important because it allows to increase the reliability of supply—reduce downtime and number of consumers affected by the fault. The article presents a phase to ground fault current flow for different power system configurations. At the end solution, which improves location capabilities is proposed. The solution is analyzed in PSCAD software and verified by network experiment.

Analyzing Metadata for Evaluation of Architectural Heritage by Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Analysis Through Bibliometric Data

Currently, countries are opting for the best solutions for conserving their architectural heritage. The solution may be the intervention of the present architectural heritage, rehabilitation, and reuse of it by maintaining a social-cultural setting and economic stability. However, preserving all sorts of architectural heritage is not possible due to its economic status. Researchers are finding solutions to retain it for the future. For getting solutions, different literature has been identified and analyzed for bibliometric analysis. This chapter offers the bibliometric analysis of the architectural heritage concerning multi-criteria decision-making analysis, which considers qualitative and quantitative parameters in a hierarchy and involves opinions of stakeholders in a transparent manner. This chapter aims to find various themes from the database as the core, current, emerging, and saturated themes for the evaluation of architectural heritage. It also focuses on analyzing the quantification of the articles and conceptualizing of the emerging areas of research.

Parameter Evaluation Procedure for Gapped Core Current Transformers Considering Accuracy Requirements under Transient Conditions

Particular features of gapped core current transformers and characteristics of transient phenomena inside them are under consideration; a procedure is proposed that allows for evaluating the excitation limiting e.m.f. and overall dimensions of the CT required for installation, based on known parameters of the transient conditions in CT installation point and the specified CT error.

Power Transformer Wire Estimate

This experimental study determined the weight of wire used in power supply using the laboratory technique and procedure to gather data. There were two designs with three treatments each, prepared and subjected to using the Two Way Analysis of Variance. The treatments for the first design were: one is 1 1/8 inch by 1 1/8 inch area and output voltage of 6 volts; two is 1 1/8 inch by 1 1/8 inch area and output voltage of 36 volts; three is 1 1/8 inch by 1 1/8 inch area and output voltage of 110 volts. The treatments for design number two were: one is 1/2 inch by 1/2 inch area and output voltage of 12 volts; two is 3/4 inch by 3/4 inch area and output voltage of 12 volts; three is 1 inch by 1 inch area and output voltage of 12 volts. The test result of significant differences in the effectiveness, efficiency and performance of the different treatments showed no significant difference on windings, temperature, voltage, size of the iron core, current, power, number of turns, turns per volt and force applied in winding.