Initial observations of the shallow geology in Tannis Bugt, Skagerrak, Denmark

During August 2017, as part of the habitat mapping of Natura2000 areas, a geophysical survey of a large area within the Skagerrak was undertaken by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland. In this article, we use the acquired data to discuss the geology of Tannis Bugt (Fig. 1), a large shallow bay at the north-west coast of Vendsyssel. The bay extends 40 km between Hirtshals in the west and Skagen in the east forming the northern-most Danish Skagerrak coast.

3D subsurface modelling reveals the shallow geology of Amsterdam

Amsterdam is situated on the coastal-deltaic plain of the western Netherlands. Its geographical position brought the city prosperity, but also created huge challenges associated with heterogeneous and often adverse ground conditions. This paper explores the geology of Amsterdam to a depth of c. 100 m, based on the output of the 3D geological subsurface models DGM and GeoTOP. The model results are used to create a geological map of the area, to determine the extent and depth of the foundation levels that are in use for buildings in the city centre and to detect the source of filling sand on which part of the more recent expansion of the city was founded. It is shown that subsurface conditions have had a profound effect on both landscape development and historical city growth. Geomodels like DGM and GeoTOP provide an easily accessible way to obtain a better understanding of the shallow subsurface.