Climate change adaptation: the case of temperate public forests

Global changes cause many problems which directly impact forests and the foresters who manage them. One of the effects of global climate change may be an increased number of trees dying out or emerging threats to forest sustainability from pathogens. There are two possible ways to act in these situations: coping or adapting. The first type of response is anticipated, needed and indicating a profound change and behavior adjustment. The other type of action involves merely reacting without introducing in-depth changes. The current study sought to determine whether the response of foresters managing temperate zone state forests is appropriate to the occurring global changes. For this purpose, questionnaire interviews were conducted with selected foresters employed by the State Forests. Foresters were given an opportunity to describe their methods of counteracting negative changes in the forest environment caused (in their opinion) by global changes. Subsequently, these statements were classified by researchers as being either coping or adapting to change. The results of a qualitative analysis indicate that foresters in the State Forests are engaged in activities that may be classified as adapting to global changes rather than coping with them. The implications of this analysis for forest policy and management are also discussed.

FEED PRODUCTION IN THE NON-CHERNOZEM ZONE: STATE AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT

The Non-Chernozem zone of Russia in terms of soil and climatic conditions and plant resources is the main region of specialization of commodity production of dairy and meat products of animal husbandry. The intensity and economic efficiency of the industry are closely related to the volume of production and quality of feed. The article analyzes the current state, substantiates the main parameters of feed production and measures for the development of promising feed production systems that ensure food security in the region. Soil and climate resources, scientific and practical experience allows us to produce basic types of food in the Non-Chernozem zone in full from the need. For the production of dairy and meat products of cattle, it will be necessary to produce about 77 million tons of feed units, including 40 million tons of bulk and 37 million tons of concentrated. To produce this amount of feed, it will be necessary to increase the sown area of forage crops to 11 million hectares, and increase their productivity to 2.5 t/ha of feed units. The most important factor in increasing the production of bulky feed is natural forage lands, cultural hayfields and pastures, which allow the use of feed at the lowest cost of material and technical resources and produce environmentally safe products.

NEW BREAKER INDEX FORMULA IN PARAMETRIC WAVE MODEL

Phase-averaged parametric wave models have been widely used to predict nearshore wave height transformation. The performance of parametric models depends significantly on the wave breaker index (), which controls the amount of breaking energy dissipation. Previous parameterizations improved the model predictability by considering the breaker index as a tunable coefficient, while made less effort to the physical interpretation for the proposed formulas. Indeed, inconsistency from the physical perspectives might exist. Therefore, the parameterization of still requires further investigation by considering the comprehensive influences of the offshore wave parameters and the local water depth, as well as the possible relationships with the breaker type and the surf zone state.

TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FREE ECONOMIC ZONE OF MONGOLIA ALTANBULAG

This article is devoted to the consideration of the creation and current state of the free economic zone Altanbulag in Mongolia, which is a border zone with the Republic of Buryatia of the Russian Federation. A particular attempt is made to show concisely the current state of this free trade zone, state regulation and actions of the Mongolian government as well as to analyze the issues of attracting foreign investments. The article formulates proposals for improving the Mongolian-Russian cooperation in this free economic zone.

Algorithm of the Rehabilitation of Patients with Pigmentary Glaucoma

Background. Irreversible changes in corneoscleral trabecula lead to persistent hydrodynamic disturbances not only in pigmentary glaucoma but also in pigmentary dispersion syndrome. In these cases isolated laser iridectomy cannot compensate ophthalmotonus and stabilize pathologic process.Aim: to evaluate effectiveness of treatment and rehabilitation algorithms for patients with pigmentary glaucoma, depending on irido-ciliary zone state and IOP level.Materials and methods. 12 people with pigmentary dispersion syndrome in manifestation stage and 20 people with pigmentary glaucoma were examined.Results. In pigmentary glaucoma, initial IOP level was 28.2 ± 3.79 mm Hg, coefficient of outflow easiness was 0.09 ± 0.03 (p < 0.001). In pigmentary dispersion syndrome at stage of manifestation, hydrodynamic shifts were latent with IOP of 19.03 ± 0.79 mm Hg: positive load test, reduced coefficient of outflow easiness 0.15 ± 0.07 (p < 0.001). Significant changes were found in nerve fiber layer, retinal ganglion complex and perimetric indices in both groups, but they were irreversible in patients with pigmentary glaucoma. Laser iridectomy was performed in 100 % of cases in pigmentary dispersion syndrome and in 75 % of cases in pigmentary glaucoma. Local medication therapy was prescribed in 100 % of cases for IOL decrease in manifestation stage of pigmentary dispersion syndrome, and in pigment glaucoma it was effective in 34 %. In remaining cases fistulizing operations were performed initially.Conclusion. The algorithm of the rehabilitation of patients with pigmentary dispersion syndrome in stage of manifestation and with pigmentary glaucoma has character of not preventive, but therapeutic measures, including not only laser iridectomy, but also a hypotensive regimen in 100 % of cases. In pigmentary glaucoma, fistulizing operation can be considered as a starting hypotensive option.