The split word orders APV and PAV of Nuosu Yi

Nuosu Yi is a Tibeto-Burman (henceforth TB) language lacking sufficient core case markers. Depending on the telicity and aspectuality of the predicates, its basic word order splits into APV and rigid PAV. To be specific, the atelic and/or imperfective predicates are APV, while the telic predicates indicated by the resultativity or perfect aspect are PAV. This paper describes the semantics and syntax of the syntactic PAV and APV of Nuosu Yi thoroughly; and compares them to other TB languages in terms of role marking strategies. I propose that the conditions of split word order in Nuosu Yi are on a par with those of the split ergativity encoded by the morphological marking in Tibetan and some other TB languages; namely, the rigid PAV corresponds to the ergative alignment, and the rigid APV corresponds to the accusative alignment. The study will deepen Nuosu Yi’s morpho-syntax study and show the word order diversity to the studies of linguistic typology. Additionally, the study sheds light on the possibility of extending the definition of ergativity and its potential counterpart.

Analisis Struktur dan Pola Kalimat pada Karangan Anak Penyandang Tunagrahita Sedang IQ 40-50: Kajian Sintaksis

This study is entitled Analysis of Sentence Structure and Patterns in the Writing of Children with Moderate Intellectual Disabilities IQ 40-50: Syntax Study. The purpose is to determine the writing ability of children with mental retardation by analyzing structure and pattern of sentences obtained from them essays. The data in this study were obtained using listening techniques and skillful fishing techniques. The method used is the orthographic equivalent method. In addition, researchers also used the Distribusional Agih method with the BUL technique. Sources of data obtained in this study came from students of Purnama Asih Special School, people with moderate mental retardation with an average IQ of 40-50 as informants. The results showed that the types of writing for children with mental retardation included single sentences, equivalent compound sentences, and multilevel compound sentences. Equivalent compound sentences and multi-level compound sentences often appear imperfectly.

The Use of Nominal Phrases in Terminology of Covid-19 in Online Media (Syntax Study)

This study aims to describe the use of noun phrase in from the terms of COVID-19 in CNNIndonesia.com online news. The object of this research is the nominal phrase found in the terms of COVID-19 in the CNN Indonesia.com online news . The data source of this research is 8 news articles that has been uploaded by CNNIndonesia.com online news from 26 to 27 march 2020. The method used in the provision of data is the observing method by using taking note technique. The method used in analyzing the data is the distributional method. The results of this research revealed that there were 27 nominal phrases used in 8 news articles that has been uploaded by CNNIndonesia.com online news from 26 to 27 March 2020.

Reflexive and Reciprocal as Valency Decrease: A Morpho-syntax Study in Sasak

This research is a descriptive study that examines the constructions of reflexive and reciprocal of valency decrease using linguistic typological theory proposed by Dixon (2012). The results of data analysis revealed that in Sasak Kuto-Kute dialect, reflexive constructions can be formed through two techniques; namely verb derivation and combination techniques. The verb derivation technique involved the addition of a nasal prefix (N) to the verb functioning as reflexive marker (REF), whilst, the combination technique employed the addition of confix n- -in followed by the pronoun diriqnya ‘him/herself’. The formation of reciprocal construction is carried out through three techniques: the use of reciprocal verbs, verb derivation and the use of reciprocal adverbs. The reciprocal verb used in the data is tempur 'meet'. Meanwhile, for verb derivation the addition of confix meng- -an on the verb kaol 'hug' makes the verb’s meaning reciprocal. In the technique of using adverbs, the sentences that bear reciprocal meaning are formed by adding the word saling ‘each other’ appearing before the bases (affixless), verbs with suffix -in and confix ke- -n. From the overall data, it was found that the verb derivation techniques for reflexive is more preferred, while for reciprocals, the technique of using adverbs is more often used compared to the other two.

BENTUK DAN KEDUDUKAN LAFADZ “KAM” DALAM AYAT-AYAT AL-QURAN

The languages have a different language formation, because of them make many studies of linguistics, one of them is study of syntax. Study of syintax in Arabic uses Nahwu’s knowledge. The method of this research is qualitative descriptive. This research aims to know the form and position of lafadz “Kam” in the verses of the Qur’an. This researh is necessary, when someone is wrong to determine form and position of lafadz, will make error in interpretation and understanding of the text. The result of this research, the form of “lafadz Kam ’ in the Qur’an has three forms; the first “Kam Istifhamiyyah” there are six verses, the second “Kam Khobariyyah” there are fifteen verses, and the third have two forms, the form of “Kam Istifhamiyyah” and “Kam Khobariyyah”, there are two verses in Qur’an. The lafadz position kam in verses of Qur’an has three positions, namely Mubtada’ there are three verses, Maf’ul bih there are fifteen verses, and Dhorof substitute there are three verses. Keywords: Kam Istifhamiyah, Kam Khabariyyah, Al-Qur’an, Nahwu

Роль шкалы SYNTAX Score II в принятия решений «сердечной командой» о методе лечения пациентов со сложными поражениями коронарных артерий. Обзор литературы

С момента своего внедрения в клиническую практику чрескожные коронарные вмешательства (ЧКВ) постепенно стали методом выбора при лечении пациентов с локальными и несложными поражениями венечных артерий, резистентных к оптимальной медикаментозной терапии. Несмотря на это, использование ЧКВ для лечения пациентов с тяжелыми формами поражений коронарных артерий является предметом разночтений и споров и в настоящее время. В эпоху стентов с лекарственным антипролиферативным покрытием одним из наиболее важных и значимых исследований эффективности ЧКВ и коронарного шунтирования является, бесспорно, исследование SYNTAX (Synergy between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with TAXUS and Cardiac Surgery согласованность ЧКВ с имплантацией стентов TAXUS и кардиохирургией). Полученные в ходе данного исследования результаты легли в основу рекомендаций по реваску1 ляризации миокарда Европейского общества кардиологов (ЕОК) 2014 и 2018 гг. Однако на данный момент имеются крайне важные и принципиальные несоответствия между современной клинической практикой и рандомизированным исследованием SYNTAX. Наибо1 лее существенным недостатком шкалы риска SYNTAX считается отсутствие индивидуализированного подхода при принятии решения о выборе метода реваскуляризации миокарда в силу отсутствия в ней клинических переменных. В данной статье будет рассмотрена новая шкала риска SYNTAX Score II (SS II) как более точный инструмент принятия решения в работе сердечной команды .Since its introduction into clinical practice, percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) have gradually become the method of choice for treating patients with local and uncomplicated lesions of the coronary arteries that are resistant to optimal medicamental therapy. Despite this, the use of PCI for the treatment of patients with coronary artery disease carts is a matter of discrepancies and disputes even today. In the era of drug1elongated antiproliferative stents, one of the most important and significant studies of the efficacy of PCI and coronary shunting (CS) is undoubtedly the SYNTAX study (Synergy between TAXUS and Cardiac Surgery implantation of TAXUS and Cardiac Surgery). The results of this study formed the basis for the latest recommendations on myocardial revascularization of the European Society of Cardiology (EOC) 2014 and beyond 2018. However, at the moment there are extremely important and fundamental inconsistencies between modern clinical practice and the randomized SYNTAX study. The most significant drawback of the SYNTAX risk scale is the lack of an individualized approach when deciding on the choice of myocardial revascularization method due to the absence of clinical variables in it. This article will look at the new Syntax Score II risk scale as a more accurate decision1making tool in the work of the heart team.Since its introduction into clinical practice, percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) have gradually become the method of choice for treating patients with local and uncomplicated lesions of the coronary arteries that are resistant to optimal medicamental therapy. Despite this, the use of PCI for the treatment of patients with coronary artery disease carts is a matter of discrepancies and disputes even today. In the era of drug1elongated antiproliferative stents, one of the most important and significant studies of the efficacy of PCI and coronary shunting (CS) is undoubtedly the SYNTAX study (Synergy between TAXUS and Cardiac Surgery implantation of TAXUS and Cardiac Surgery). The results of this study formed the basis for the latest recommendations on myocardial revascularization of the European Society of Cardiology (EOC) 2014 and beyond 2018. However, at the moment there are extremely important and fundamental inconsistencies between modern clinical practice and the randomized SYNTAX study. The most significant drawback of the SYNTAX risk scale is the lack of an individualized approach when deciding on the choice of myocardial revascularization method due to the absence of clinical variables in it. This article will look at the new Syntax Score II risk scale as a more accurate decision1making tool in the work of the heart team.

Spoken and written ellipsis in (and not in) the experience of adult literacy learners

Interference from spoken language can hinder adult learners’ reading, so it is helpful for tutors to be aware of differences between spoken and written syntax. Study of the incidence of ellipsis in two adult learners’ conversational language demonstrates the absence of most forms of coordination and subordination ellipsis typical of writing, and the frequent omission of subordinators, including the total absence of that relatives from one informant’s corpus. Examples of typically spoken situational ellipsis draw attention to the different locus of reference (situational or textual) in spoken and written ellipsis, and therefore the different strategy of interpretation required in reading. It is also shown that the use and non-use of ellipsis often have communicative functions in the dialogues that reflect linguistic skills rather than sloppiness or incompetence. Implications for tuition are suggested.

The First Attempts for the Syntax of the Regional Variety of Chameria

This paper is part of the chainwork that deals the syntax study of the dialect of the province of Chameria, a prominent and conservative language of the south of Albania. This study is the second in this regard. Initially, we were dealing with the intonation of Chams and mainly with its syntactic value (Troplini 2016). For the syntax of the of the regional variety of Chameria, there is no previous effort. In this paper, as a basic literature, we have only used our previous works for the Cham in the sociolinguistic framework, where we were dealing with phonetic, morphological, lexical, historical linguistics etc. Our first effort also underlines the first difficulties of this syntactic treatment, as well as the objectives that need to be fulfilled in the perspective, through a deep scientific monograph that will conclude a long-term gap in the study of the cham variety in terms of syntax. The method we used is the inductive one. The work has been based on a qualitative research basis. We are based on a series of direct interviews with elderly speakers of this province who were born mainly in Chameria and subjected to ethnic cleansing. This generation well preserves the most southern and extreme Albanian talk. In this study, we intend to highlight some of the most important phenomena of the Cham variety which will then serve for a deep work in terms of syntax.