FUNCTIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE FOOD ADDITIVE MAGNETOFOOD IN THE PRODUCTION OF MARSHMALLOWS

Production of whipped confectionery (marshmallows, pressed fruit paste, sweets with light-textured centres) is a complex process difficult to control. To expand and modernise their production, it is necessary to find simpler technologies, both resource- and energy- saving, to increase the stability of the heterogeneous dispersed system, and to improve the quality of finished products. In this respect, applying food additives of the nanometer range in technology looks very promising due to their unique physicochemical parameters and their many functional and technological properties. In the paper, it is suggested to solve the problem of stabilising the polyphase structure of whipped confectionery products and to form their quality by using the food additive Magnetofood based on ferrous and ferric oxides (FeO×Fe2O3). Magnetofood is ultrafine powder with a particle size of ~80 nm. It has a high functional and technological potential: large specific surface and a set of useful properties (the additive is surface- active, with complex-forming, sorption, and stabilising properties). This allows us to recommend Magnetofood as an additive with a complex action to improve the quality and extend the shelf life of sugar confections like fruit paste and fruit jelly products, in particular, white and pink marshmallows. It has been found that addition of Magnetofood in the form of an aqueous suspension at the stage of swelling and dissolution of the gelling agent improves the shape and consistency, reduces the density of the foam structure by 1.12–1.15 times, reduces the amount of gelling agent by 10–12% for agar and by 7–9% for pectin, increases the mechanical strength of marshmallows by 11.5–12.6% for agar and by 8.2-9.1% for pectin. Besides, the foaming ability of egg white increases by 1.14-1.4 times (with constant foam stability (99±1)% due to the stabilising effect of Magnetofood nanoparticles), and the thixotropic property of the gel structure becomes 1.4–1.5 times as much

Decisive structures for multirate FIR filter incorporating retiming and pipelining schemes

Purpose Very large-scale integration (VLSI) digital signal processing became very popular and is predominantly used in several emerging applications. The optimal design of multirate filter with improvement in performance parameters such as less area, high speed and less power is the challenging task in most of the signal processing applications. This study aims to propose several effective multirate filter structures to accomplish sampling rate conversion. Design/methodology/approach The multirate filter structures considered in this work are polyphase filter and coefficient symmetry-based finite impulse response filter. The symmetry scheme particularly brings down the complexity to significant extent. To bring improvement in speed, delay registers are inserted at appropriate path with the help of pipelining and retiming scheme. Findings In this paper, the three tasks have been considered. First, the polyphase coefficient symmetry and modified polyphase (MP) structure is designed. Second, the pipelining is applied to the polyphase structure and the obtained results are compared with the polyphase structure. In third, retiming is applied to the polyphase structure and the performance comparison is carried out. The structures are realized for various orders, and the comparative analysis is carried out with the filter order N = 12, 30, 42, 8, 11 and 24 and the results are stated. The performance of all the accomplished structures is analyzed using Altera Quartus with the family cyclone II, device EP2C70F672C6. The results show that the multirate filter using pipelining and retiming offers better performance when examining with the conventional structures. Retimed and pipelined MP structure achieves a speed enhancement of about 33.81% when examining with the conventional polyphase (CP) structure with retiming and pipelining for N = 24 and M = 5. Likewise, the 2/3 structure of pipelined coefficient symmetry approach offers area reduction of about 54.76% over 2/3 structure of pipelined polyphase approach for N = 30 with little reduction in power. The fine grain pipelined and retimed MP structure with N = 11 and M = 3 avails critical path delay reduction of about 28.15% when examining with the corresponding fine grain pipelined and retimed CP structure. Originality/value The proposed distinct structures offer better alternative to conventional structures because of the symmetric coefficients, performance enhancement using pipelining and retiming based rate conversion structures. The suggested structures can be used for achieving different rates in software radios.

Microstructural Aspects of Some Magnesium Matrix Composites Reinforced with Amorphous/Nanocrystalline Ni-Ti Particulates

Two magnesium matrix composites reinforced with 3 and 10% Ni-Ti particulates, respectively, were obtained by plasma sintering. The reinforcement material was obtained by grinding a mixture of powders of 68% Ni and 32% Ti atomic percent in a high energy mill for 40 hours. Particulates resulting from mechanical alloying have a partially amorphous and partially nanocrystalline structure, consisting of the following phases: Ni solid solution, Ti2Ni and NiTi (B2) phase. After sintering, both the matrix and the reinforcement material are nanocrystalline and the particulates have a polyphase structure, consisting of Ni(Ti), NiTi (R phase) and Ni4Ti3. The hardness of these composites is superior to the hardness of magnesium matrix composites reinforced with Ni-Ti particulates having 50% Ni / 50% Ti and 32% Ni / 68% Ti chemical compositions obtained under the same conditions and corresponding proportions of reinforcement material.

Geopetrological model of formation diamond-bearing fluid-explosive breccia structures (urals type)

Geopetrological model of diamond-bearing fluid-explosive breccia formations is a well-structured system of the features that are typical of several similar formations in the Cis-Ural and West Ural areas of the Perm Krai. The model reflects a number of basic common factors in these structures’ morphology, their rock composition and the conditions for their formation. Regional and local geological positions featuring diamond-bearing formations as well as the parameters common for their widespread formation areas are characterized. The necessity of mineralogical and geochemical studies of black sand, while prospecting for diamond-bearing targets is highlighted. This will help identify specific mineral associations and geochemical anomalies typical of these widespread formation areas. The description of the geological structure, which the best-studied Efimov deposit, is given in detail. The description of this deposit is used as an example of illustrating the shape of breccia bodies and their polyphase structure, as well as describing their texture and rock structure specifics. Particular attention is paid to the petrographic characteristics of all kinds of fluid-explosive breccias, which to a different extent contain clastic, protomagmatic and newly formed fluidogenic material. The paper gives the characteristics and specifics of mineral grains of various origin, many of which are abundant in gas-liquid inclusions, characterized by block extinction, while quartz possess planar elements. Brought into focus are the differences in the diamond bearing capacity of rocks belonging to different successive evolution phases of fluid breccia formations. The model considered in the paper will make it possible in the course of studies of newly discovered breccia structures with a limited number of parameters to predict their missing features and assessment criteria with respect to possible beneficial mineralization.

A Wideband DDC Design Using Distributed Arithmetic

In this paper, the technique of distributed arithmetic (DA) and digital down conversion (DDC) are described. Then, an efficient wideband DDC based on polyphase structure with intermediate frequency (IF) bandpass sampling is presented. An optimized distributed arithmetic is used for saving the FPGA multiplier consumption. A design example is given and the FPGA resource consumption saving is discussed also. The corresponding test results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed DDC design using distributed arithmetic.

Study of Polyphase Decomposition Zoom-FFT Algorithm in Non-Invasive Motor Monitoring System

The design philosophy of non-invasive has been introduced in motors monitoring system, in which used air-gap torque to measure efficiency. Zoom-FFT is required for the testing of speed which very few assumed values are required. An efficient implementation of cosine modulated FIR analysis synthesis filter banks is derived. The structures for the analysis and synthesis sections consist of polyphase structure and discrete sine and cosine transform networks. The redundance of computation is removed and the computational efficiency is raised. The implementation structure is simpler. The efficiency of the whole system has been improved, and approved that this algorithm has a good value.