Variability of potential evapotranspiration and moisture conditions in Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh

In the present study, evapotranspiration and moisture adequate index for the 37 mandals of the Srikakulam district for the year 2018 has been estimated. The PET values were very high in the summer season of all the mandals than in the other seasons. The normal PET values were lower than that of the actual PET values showing location specific and better estimation characteristics. This estimation of location-specific PET can be helpful for the drought classification and water management planning within the district. Moisture adequate index of all the mandals has indicated that the district as a whole has a humid/temperate climate; but within the district, mandals report different conditions. This makes it a more relevant tool for drought, microclimatic classification and annual water planning for sustainable agriculture.

‘It’s Not a Reservoir; It’s Valuable Agricultural Land’: Controlled Use of Water and Deliberate Flooding in Lincolnshire

The Lincolnshire lowlands owe their existence to a long-term programme of formal and informal drainage, by which the landscape has been managed since the Roman period. The public bodies that have held responsibility for this drainage, namely the Commissions of Sewers followed by the Internal Drainage Boards (IDBs) from 1930, are often perceived as solely aiming to remove water from the land as quickly as possible. Recent water management planning in Lincolnshire has begun to explore the idea of water retention, but, as this article will show, this is not a new idea. Far from keeping water out at all costs, Lincolnshire’s drained, farmed landscape is a porous one, which has benefited from a long history of deliberate, managed flooding and small-scale sacrifice of valuable agricultural land to water. This is a lacuna which exists in both the academic literature, and in the stories people involved in the drainage boards tell about themselves.

A History of the Settler-Colonial Freshwater Impure-Ment: Water Pollution and the Creation of Multiple Environmental Injustices Along the Waipaˉ River

In this chapter, we outline the history of water pollution in Aotearoa New Zealand’s Waipā River and its tributaries and demonstrate how environmental injustices can accumulate slowly over time. We highlight how Indigenous (Māori) and non-Indigenous (Pākehā) peoples held fundamentally different understandings of what constituted contaminated or clean water based on their different ontologies and epistemologies. We highlight how Māori people and their tikanga (laws) and mātauranga (knowledge) were excluded from settler-state water management planning processes for the majority of the twentieth century. Since 1991 new legislation (Resource Management Act) allows for Māori to participate in decision-making, however Māori values and knowledge continues to be marginalised, and Māori concerns about water pollution remain unaddressed. Accordingly, in the Waipā River environmental injustice continues to accumulate.

Water Scarcity: Problems and Possible solutions

Iraq relies in its water resources on the Rivers Tigris and Euphrates and their tributaries. It used to be considered rich in its water resources until 1970. Then, the water quantity started to decrease due to the construction of hydrological projects within the riparian countries as well as the effect of climate change. In addition, water management planning in Iraq requires number of strategies that can help to overcome the water shortage problem. In this work, the negative problems are discussed and solutions are given to solve the water shortage problem. Keywords: Water Scarcity, Tigris, Euphrates, Climate Change, Iraq.

Environmental Flow Releases for Wetland Biodiversity Conservation in the Amur River Basin

Flow regulation by large dams has transformed the freshwater and floodplain ecosystems of the Middle Amur River basin in Northeast Asia, and negatively impacted the biodiversity and fisheries. This study aimed to develop environmental flow recommendations for the Zeya and Bureya rivers based on past flow rate records. The recommended floodplain inundation by environmental flow releases from the Zeya reservoir are currently impracticable due to technical reasons. Therefore, the importance of preserving the free-flowing tributaries of the Zeya River increases. Future technical improvements for implementing environmental flow releases at the Zeya dam would improve dam management regulation during large floods. The recommendations developed for environmental flow releases from reservoirs on the Bureya River should help to preserve the important Ramsar wetlands which provide habitats for endangered bird species while avoiding flooding of settlements. The results emphasize the importance of considering environmental flow during the early stages of dam planning and the need to enhance the role of environmental flow in water management planning.

A Scenario-based Approach for Understanding Changes in Consumer Spending Behavior in Response to Rising Water Bills

Rising infrastructure costs for water providers and the rising cost of water for households pose several challenges for water providers, policy makers, and the research community. Consumers may utilize several strategies for coping with rising water costs including reduced water use or spending reductions on other household goods and services. To provide a first glance at the link between rising water bills and consumer spending, this study analyzes data from a household survey in the United States to understand how consumers may change spending behavior given various water bill increase scenarios. Results of this analysis provide insights into the demographics of households likely to be affected, the industries that could be affected, and at what bill increase levels these trends are most pronounced. While additional research on this topic is needed, these results suggest a stronger emphasis on long-term water management planning and allocation of resources to building and maintaining water infrastructure may be required. For utilities, this means a consideration of nonrevenue sources of funds to pay for rising water costs and strategies for making water more affordable for customers without deferring infrastructure improvements.

Water management in Ukraine: peculiarities and prospects of development

The purpose of the article is to define features and components of implementation of functions of classical and modern management in the sphere of water economy as a determining factor of revival of the branch at a new level. Research methods. The methodological base of research is made up of general theoretical and special methods, which give an opportunity to solve scientific problems. In the process of research, the following methods have been used: dialectical methods of learning about processes and phenomena; monographic (analysis of foreign experience in financing water sector); abstract-logic (theoretical generalizations and conclusions); system generalization, analysis and synthesis (analysis of the current state and problems of the sector and its components, analysis and generalization of activities within each function of water management, identification of sources of financing water projects, etc.), grouping method (determination of the content of works within the framework of the water sector). Research results. The main activities and content of works implemented within the framework of general functions of water management - planning, coordination and organization, motivation, control and regulation, leadership - were defined. Features of realization in modern conditions of Ukraine of separate special functions of water management - financial, investment, project are considered and analyzed. Scientific novelty. The theoretical basis for the implementation of management functions through their adaptation and specification of the content in accordance with the specific features of the water sector has been further developed. Practical significance. Complex and systematic implementation of water management functions at the level of state water management bodies and water management organizations will allow to revive the industry at a new level and ensure its stable and profitable functioning under modern economic conditions. Tabl.: 1. Refs.: 19.

Examining the Benefits of Lake Kenyatta Water Users Association (LAKWA) Water Kiosks Project to Women

This research focused on examining examine the benefits that women's have realised from the implementation of Lake Kenyatta Water Users Association (LAKWA) water kiosks for supplying water to households in Mpeketoni Lamu County, Kenya. The research used mixed-method design in which quantitative and qualitative methods were used to collect and analyse data. Data was collected using open and closed-ended questionnaires. They were administered using questionnaires. The research had 200 respondents comprising of 100 women from the rural settlements and 100 women in Mpeketoni division of Lamu County in Kenya. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics were used to summarise data and compare the results between rural versus urban women and large families versus small families in the research area. According to this research, it's evident that the majority of respondents have a positive perception with large families seeing more benefits of LAKWA kiosks than small families, especially for domestic uses. These are common expectation since the quantity of water raised by large families is higher than the small families. It's in their perception that the situation remains the same in the next 10 to 20 years. It was evident from this research that, women are satisfied with the design aspects of the LAKWA water kiosks. I suggest further research on the ways of including women perceptions in water management planning to improve the water intake and efficiency of LAKWA water system and indeed other water stakeholders in ensuring that it meets the objectives of sustainable development goals and vision 2030 on water and sanitation.

A serious gaming tool: Bow River Sim for communicating integrated water resources management

Serious games provide a way for stakeholders to become engaged in and understand the issues and constraints on a real-world system. An application of a serious game is explored, as a way to improve engagement and learning of participants in a water management planning process. Bow River Sim is a single-player game that helps the user to understand the Water Resources Management Model (WRMM) and to visualize the implications and impacts around system interactions in the basin. The Bow River Sim simulates water management decision-making based on maximizing social, economic, and environmental benefits while managing limited water supply. The game incorporates the principles of ‘meaningful play’ and provides a user-friendly interface, a fun game, and visual elements. The paper aims to (a) provide an overview of Bow River Sim, (b) illustrate how innovations such as serious games enhance learning processes for the user, and (c) illustrate the application of Bow River Sim and key learnings.

River runoff variability at watercourses of the Ural river basin

The article is devoted to spatial and temporal variabilities of the river runoff on the example of the river Ural within the territory of the Russian Federation. The author points out the necessity of investigating fluctuations in the water resources of a transboundary river for the purposes of long-term water management planning. Using the coefficient of variation and asymmetry, the annual runoff variability is analyzed.