The FCGR3A 158 V/V-Genotype is Associated With Decreased Survival of Renal Allografts With Chronic Active Antibody-Mediated Rejection

Natural killer (NK) cells express the Fc-receptor CD16 (FCGR3A) and could therefore mediate renal endothelial cell damage in cases of chronic-active antibody mediated rejection (c-aABMR). The V/V-genotype of the FCGR3A 158 F/V polymorphism is associated with increased CD16 expression and cytotoxicity by NK cells. This study evaluated whether this genotype is associated with the diagnosis of c-aABMR and renal allograft loss.The distribution of the FGCR3A 158 F/V-genotypes was not different for c-aABMR cases (N=133) compared to control kidney transplant recipients (N=116, p=0.65). The V-allele was associated with increased median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD16 by NK cells (MFI 3.5x104 versus 1.3x104 for V/V and F/F-genotype, P<0.001). Increased expression of CD16 correlated with CD16-dependent degranulation of NK cells (R=0.4; P=0.02). Moreover, the V/V-genotype was significantly associated with a higher glomerulitis score and an independent risk factor (HR 1.98; P=0.04) for decreased allograft survival. Death-censored graft survival in c-aABMR cases at 3 years follow-up was 33% for the FCGR3A 158 V/V-genotype versus 62% for the F/F-genotype. In conclusion, the FCGR3A V/V-genotype increases CD16-mediated NK cell cytotoxicity and is associated with a higher glomerulitis score and decreased graft survival in cases with c-aABMR.

Phenotypic adaptability and stability of herbaceous cotton genotypes in the Semiarid region of the Northeast of Brazil

ABSTRACT Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop areas in the Northeast region of Brazil present high edaphoclimatic variability, which contributes to a strong genotype versus environment interaction (G × E). This situation requires the use of adaptability and stability methodologies to study G × E interaction before the selection and recommendation of cultivars. Among these methodologies, the genotype + G × E (GGE) biplot analysis has been currently used and highly recommended. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the G × E of cotton genotypes through GGE biplot analysis, focusing on the identification of adapted and stable genotypes for the Semiarid region of the Northeast of Brazil. Four crop value and use tests were conducted in the municipalities of Apodi, state of Rio Grande do Norte, and Barbalha, state of Ceará, Brazil, in 2016 and 2017. A randomized block experimental design, with 17 treatments and four repetitions, was used. The treatments consisted of 17 cotton genotypes. The variables evaluated were: cotton seed and fiber yields. According to the analysis, the genotypes CNPA BA 2011-4436, CNPA BA 2011-1197, and CNPA BA 2010-1174 were stable and presented high adaptability to the evaluated region.

GGE biplot for stability and adaptability in cashew tree clones

The interaction genotype versus environment makes it difficult the genetic improvement of the species for the selection of more adapted and stable genotypes. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate new clones of early dwarf cashews, in terms of stability and adaptability, employing the GGE biplot methodology. The experimental design was based on randomized blocks with four replications and 15 treatments (different clones). The variables evaluated were cashew production per plant (PCP), average mass of chashew (MMC) and early harvest (PRE). The clones G1 and G3 for MMC, G15, G2, G14 and G8 for PRE and G3, G10 and G2 for PCP approached the ideotype; the clones identified as top for each characteristic were not coincident; the majority of the clones were stable for MMC, while for PRE and PCP were not stable; the clone G4 had the best average in PRE, but with low stability; in the GGE biplot the environments A3 for MMC, A4 to PRE and A5 for PCP were the most discriminating; all environments had greater contribution in the differentiation of clones in PRE and MMC, for PCP were the environments A4 and A5; in relation at the average representativeness the environments A1 in MMC and A2 for PRE and PCP stood out.

The Interaction between GSTT1, GSTM1, and GSTP1 Ile105Val Gene Polymorphisms and Environmental Risk Factors in Premalignant Gastric Lesions Risk

The study investigated the possible influence of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms as predisposing factors for premalignant gastric lesions as well as their interaction with H. pylori infection, gastrotoxic drugs, smoking, and alcohol consumption. In this study, 270 patients with a complet set of gastric biopsies and successfully genotyped were finally included. The GSTM1 gene polymorphism had significant contribution in mild/severe endoscopic lesions (p=0.01) as well as in premalignant lesions (p=0.01). The GSTM1 null genotype increased the risk for mucosal defects in H. pylori-negative patients (OR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.20–4.37) and the risk for premalignant lesions in patients with no alcohol consumption (OR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.19–3.83). The GSTT1 deleted polymorphism did not significantly increase the risk for premalignant lesions in the absence of gastrotoxic drugs (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 0.72–4.74). The combined GSTT1T1 and GSTM1 null polymorphisms were borderline correlated with an increased risk for premalignant lesions (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.00–2.97). The wild-type GSTP1 Ile/Ile genotype versus the variant genotypes Ile/Val + Val/Val was significantly associated with a decreased risk of gastric atrophy/intestinal metaplasia (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.37–0.98). In conclusion, the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes increased the risk for premalignant and endoscopic gastric lesions, modulated by H. pylori, alcohol, or gastrotoxic drug consumption, while the presence of the GSTP1Val allele seemed to reduce the risk for premalignant lesions.