Assessing temporomandibular disorders: Mouthpiece design considerations

Background/Aim. Scuba diving is one of the sports with the fastest growing popularity. Nowadays doctors of dental medicine meet divers-patients in their offices more often. Treatment of these patients has some specific features that are related to difficulties in the temporomandibular joint, masticatory muscles and soft tissues of the oral cavity. A set of those complaints represent a condition called ?diver's mouth syndrome?. Most scuba divers complain of temporomandibular joint and the masticatory muscles pain; inadequate mouthpieces can exacerbate temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) even when its symptoms are not present in everyday life. The aim of this research was to find a decent substitute for a fully customised mouthpiece, that are not present at our market, to discover the qualities of a good mouthpiece and establish prevalence of TMD among divers. Methods. This study included 30 scuba divers. Scuba divers filled out the questionnaire before diving, then dived twice with each of the 3 different commercial mouthpieces provided for this research (Mares Universal, Seac sub, Mares LiquidSkin (Universal Mares, Seac sub, Mares LiquidSkin). After diving, they filled out the second part of the questionnaire and so they performed an assessment of the mouthpiece and gave insight into the prevalence of TMD symptoms caused by using the mouthpiece. Results. According to the average score of satisfaction (the least present symptoms such as pain, fatigue, and numbness of the masticatory muscles and the jaw joint), this research proved Mares LiquidSkin mouthpieces to be the best out of the 3 commercial mouthpieces. For its use, average satisfaction score among participants was 7.07 (out of 10) and none of the divers reported jaw and muscle stiffness during and after the dive with this mouthpiece. The smallest percentage of participants reported pain in the orofacial region and discomfort while swallowing when used it in comparison with other mouthpieces. The anatomy and material of the mouthpieces turned out to be an extremely important factor. Conclusion. Several factors contribute to a good mouthpiece design; the choice of material, its elasticity and softness, the thickness and length of the interdental bite platform and the width of the oral screen that is inserted into the vestibule. The preferred material should be soft silicone. The interdental bite platforms should support the posterior teeth and the oral screen should fit the jaws and not be too wide.

Semicarbazone – a versatile therapeutic pharmacophore for fragment based anticonvulsant drug design

During the last fifteen years, semicarbazones have been extensively investigated for their anticonvulsant properties. 4-(4-Flurophenoxy) benzaldehyde semicarbazone (C0102862, V102862) was discovered as a lead molecule and is being developed as a potent antiepileptic drug, with maximal electroshock (MES) ED50 of i.p. 12.9 mg kg-1. In MES (oral screen), this compound has a protective index (PI = TD50/ED50 > 315) higher than carbamazepine (PI 101), phenytoin (PI > 21.6) and valproate (PI 2.17). The compound is a potent sodium channel blocker. Other semicarbazones have demonstrated activity in various chemoshock screens, like subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole, subcutaneous strychnine, subcutaneous picrotoxin and subcutaneous bicculine. Semicarbazones are also GABA-transaminase inhibitors. Extensive structure- -activity relationship has demonstrated that F, Cl, Br and NO2 substituents in the arylhydrophobic pocket and a hydrogen bonding domain (HBD) are generally found in active anticonvulsant agents.

Koreksi Protrusif Dengan Oral Screen Pada Anak Sebagai Tahap Terapi Awal Maloklusi Klas II Divisi 1

Malocclusion was a biological variation, which where happened deviatefrom normal relations between teeth in one jaw arch and in thecontradictory jaw arch. Malocclusion was connected with thefunctionoftheface muscle, chewing muscles, andtongue muscles thatwasabnormal. In a situation which anterior maxillary teeth were visible,experienced pro verdigris, overbite, over jet that was too big, as well asopen bite. The main cause was possibly by disharmony of the relationsbetween oral and perioral muscles. One of the various early stages ofmalocclusion in child therapy was mainly to correct the protrusive statewas the oral screen. This case study conducted to report the using oforal screen as one of the effective equipment that was very easy usingto correct anterior maxillary teeth protrusive. The case represents a tenyears old boy with anterior maxillary teeth protrusive, malocclusion classI division.1 that came to the FKG-UNPAD specialist dental clinic inBandung. Protrusive of the maxillary anterior teeth was the chiefcomplaint. Other complaints were, the lips could not close totally, andcould chew food well. In the early measurement, over jet was obtainedas big as J 3 mm, and overbite 8 mm. After using the oral screen for 4months, the overjet became 9 mm, and overbite became 5 mm. fromthis case, it can be concluded that therapy using oral screen for 4months, 12 to 16 hours daily can improve the overjet and overbite of thepatient, improve profile of the patient, namely lips position, and itsrelation to anterior teeth