EFEK DIKLOFENAK DAN VCO TERHADAP EKSPRESI RESEPTOR EP3 PADA TIKUS STRAIN WISTAR ADIKSI NIKOTIN KONDISI DEPENDENCE

Perilaku ketergantungan rokok timbul akibat adanya nikotin sebagai komponen psikoaktif utama. Salah satu mekanisme yang diduga berperan adalah proses fisiologis yang melibatkan metabolisme asam arakhidonat yang dapat diamati melalui perubahan ekspresi gen reseptor epiprostanoid (EP3) di otak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari ekspresi reseptor EP3 pada model tikus adiksi nikotin kondisi dependence, dan yang diberi pre-treatment dengan diklofenak dan VCO. Tikus-tikus secara random dibagi menjadi: kelompok 1 (N) diberi nikotin saja (0,5mg/kg i.p.), kelompok 2 (Nd) diberi pre-treatment diklofenak (3,2mg/kg i.p.) dan kelompok 3 (NVCO) diberi pre-treatment VCO (5ml/kg p.o.) sebelum pemberian nikotin. Pengukuran ekspresi dilakukan saat tikus telah mengalami ketergantungan (dependence) menggunakan metode Conditioned Place Preference (CPP). Tikus-tikus diambil bagian otak hipokampus dan bulbus olfaktoriusnya, kemudian dilakukan isolasi protein, elektroforesis dan ditransfer ke membran PVDF menggunakan metode Western Blotting. Selanjutnya dilakukan teknik Enhanced Chemiluminescence (ECL) menggunakan antibodi primer rabbit polyclonal anti reseptor EP3 (Abcam) dan antibodi rabbit polyclonal anti-actin (Abcam) sebagai kontrol internal. Pita yang terbentuk didedahkan pada film dan dihitung dengan scion image secara semi kuantitatif. Ekspresi reseptor EP3 paling tinggi ditemukan pada kelompok tikus yang hanya diberi nikotin, dan menurun pada kelompok tikus yang diberi diklofenak dan VCO. Pada sampel dari tikus yang diberi VCO, teramati penurunan ekspresi reseptor EP3 yang sebanding dengan yang diberi diklofenak. Paparan nikotin secara berulang akan meningkatkan ekspresi reseptor EP3 yang dapat ditekan dengan pemberian diklofenak. Penurunan ekspresi reseptor EP3 dengan pemberian VCO memiliki pola yang mirip dengan pemberian diklofenak.

Rasio Spermatozoa X:Y dan Kualitas Sperma pada Kambing Kacang dan Peranakan Ettawa

<p>The objective of the study was to know the difference of X:Y spermatozoa ratio and sperm quality of Kacang and Ettawa-crossed breed goats. It was conducted at Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Science Universitas Gadjah Mada for three months, starting December 2009 to February 2010. Materials of the study were sperm collected from six two-year Ettawa-crossed breed goats weighing 31.5±2.2 kg and from six two-year Kacang goats weighing 18.0±2.1 kg. The sperm was collected using artificial vagina with frequency of twice a week for each goat and it was repeated eight times. The quality and quantity of the sperm was immediately evaluated by its volume, concentration, motility, viability and abnormality. To determine the ratio of X:Y spermatozoa, smear preparation was made and spermatozoa head was then measured using Scion Image software. The results of the measurement were used for identification of X or Y spermatozoa. Spermatozoa having bigger head than the average were identified as X and those having smaller head as Y. The result showed that the ratio of X:Y spermatozoa of Ettawa-crossed breed goats (50.6±1.8:49.4±1.8 %) was not significantly difference with that of Kacang goats<br />(49.7±1,7:50.3±1.7 %). Sperm volume of Ettawa-crossed breed goats (1.00±0.2 ml) was higher than that of Kacang goats (0.62±0.2 ml). Sperm concentration of Ettawa-crossed breed goats (2,865±431 million/ml) was not significantly difference compared to that of Kacang goats (2,840±383 million/ml). Spermatozoa motility of Ettawa-crossed breed goats (66.7±9.8 %) was higher (P&lt;0.05) than that of Kacang goats (50.0±7.1 %). Spermatozoa viability of Ettawa-crossed breed goats (80.0±7.1 %) was higher (P&lt;0.05) than that of<br />Kacang goats (67.5±9.4 %). Spermatozoa abnormality of Ettawa-crossed breed goats (8.2±3.3 %) was not significantly difference compared to that of Kacang goats (8.6±2.4 %). The study was concluded that the breeds of Ettawa-crossed breed and Kacang goats have indifferent ratio of X:Y spermatozoa, while the sperm volume, motility and viability of Ettawacrossed breed goats was better than that of Kacang goats.</p><p>Key words: XY spermatozoa, quality and quantity, Ettawa-crossed breed, Kacang.</p>

Rasio Spermatozoa X:Y dan Kualitas Sperma pada Kambing Kacang dan Peranakan Ettawa

<p>The objective of the study was to know the difference of X:Y spermatozoa ratio and sperm quality of Kacang and Ettawa-crossed breed goats. It was conducted at Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Science Universitas Gadjah Mada for three months, starting December 2009 to February 2010. Materials of the study were sperm collected from six two-year Ettawa-crossed breed goats weighing 31.5±2.2 kg and from six two-year Kacang goats weighing 18.0±2.1 kg. The sperm was collected using artificial vagina with frequency of twice a week for each goat and it was repeated eight times. The quality and quantity of the sperm was immediately evaluated by its volume, concentration, motility, viability and abnormality. To determine the ratio of X:Y spermatozoa, smear preparation was made and spermatozoa head was then measured using Scion Image software. The results of the measurement were used for identification of X or Y spermatozoa. Spermatozoa having bigger head than the average were identified as X and those having smaller head as Y. The result showed that the ratio of X:Y spermatozoa of Ettawa-crossed breed goats (50.6±1.8:49.4±1.8 %) was not significantly difference with that of Kacang goats<br />(49.7±1,7:50.3±1.7 %). Sperm volume of Ettawa-crossed breed goats (1.00±0.2 ml) was higher than that of Kacang goats (0.62±0.2 ml). Sperm concentration of Ettawa-crossed breed goats (2,865±431 million/ml) was not significantly difference compared to that of Kacang goats (2,840±383 million/ml). Spermatozoa motility of Ettawa-crossed breed goats (66.7±9.8 %) was higher (P&lt;0.05) than that of Kacang goats (50.0±7.1 %). Spermatozoa viability of Ettawa-crossed breed goats (80.0±7.1 %) was higher (P&lt;0.05) than that of<br />Kacang goats (67.5±9.4 %). Spermatozoa abnormality of Ettawa-crossed breed goats (8.2±3.3 %) was not significantly difference compared to that of Kacang goats (8.6±2.4 %). The study was concluded that the breeds of Ettawa-crossed breed and Kacang goats have indifferent ratio of X:Y spermatozoa, while the sperm volume, motility and viability of Ettawacrossed breed goats was better than that of Kacang goats.</p><p>Key words: XY spermatozoa, quality and quantity, Ettawa-crossed breed, Kacang.</p>

Korelasi hasil karakterisasi XRD, N2 adsorpsi-desorpsi dan TEM pada Karbon Mesopori dari Gelatin Tulang Sapi

Abstrak Artikel ini mengkaji hubungan hasil karakterisasi dengan kualitas karbon mesopori. Kualitas struktur karbon mesopori teramati dengan jelas baik pada TEM, SAXRD dan nitrogen adsorpsi-desorpsi meskipun karbon mesopori. Dari hasil SAXRD, TEM dan nitrogen adsorpsi-desorpsi, karbon mesopori hasil sintesis memiliki luas permukaan spesifik dari 756 m2/g, total volume pori 0,999 cm3/g, rasio mesopori dari 81%, diameter pori rata-rata 5,2 nm dan distribusi ukuran pori 4,06 dengan geometri mirip susunan tabung dengan formasi heksagonal. Langkah pengolahan data FFT dan program scion image serta penggunaan origin mampu secara detil dijelaskan untuk mendeteksi kualitas keteraturan struktur karbon mesopori hasil sintesis. Kata kunci : karakterisasi, TEM, XRD, N2-adsorpsi desoprsi, karbon mesopori

Vertebral Artery Hypoplasia in a Black Kenyan Population

This study examined the characteristics of vertebral artery hypoplasia in 346 arteries of adult black Kenyans. The circumference was measured on haematoxylin/eosin stained microscopic sections of the distal one-third of the intracranial vertebral arteries using scion image analyser. Internal diameter was calculated in millimetre. Data were analysed using SPSS version 16.0. Vertebral artery hypoplasia (diameter < 2.0 mm) occurred in 100 (28.9%) arteries. Sixty of these (17.3%) were on the left and 40 (11.6%) on the right. Sixty (17.3%) were in females while 40 (11.6%) were in males. The side and gender differences were statistically significant at confidence interval of 95%. Frequency of vertebral artery hypoplasia was higher than in most other populations studied. The condition differs from that in other populations because it is more common on the left side and in females. We recommend ultrasound, angio-CT, or angio-MRI evaluation of vertebral arterial system before diagnostic or interventional procedures on posterior circulation.

HaloJ

Although Halo assay is a fast and more economic technique, it is not popular compared to comet assay for the measurement of DNA damage. One of the reasons behind this was nonavailability of suitable user-friendly program. Currently, most of the researchers were analyzing halo images manually using image analysis software (Scion Image or ImageJ). To address this problem, I have developed a semiautomatic halo analysis ImageJ program, HaloJ, and applied in the assessment of DNA damage at the single-cell level. In this article, we have shown that data obtained from the HaloJ program have a very good correlation with the data obtained using comet assay analysis program such as Comet Assay Software Project. To the best of our knowledge, this will be the first program to quantify DNA damage of halo images. This program will be of great use for researchers working on the DNA damage and repair, radiation biology, toxicology, cancer biology, and so on.

Sandstone Colour Change due to the High Temperature Exposure

An analysis of colour change in sandstone under the influence of heat is presented in this paper. The colour change observed is primarily a result of transformations occurring within the material. The colour change may be used to reveal the exposure temperature of stone elements subjected to fire, from which the corresponding damage can be estimated. The paper presents the results of tests carried out on sandstone with a clayey-ferruginous binder. The colour change was investigated using Scion Image v.4.0.3, an image analysis software package (Scion Corporation ©, USA). In the proposed method the digital image is split into three RGB colour components: red, green and blue, which are then presented as a histogram using counts of pixel intensity. The histogram results show colour distributions in unheated sandstone material and in material heated to temperatures ranging from 200 to 1000 °C. The significant colour changes in tested stones was observed and attributed to the presence in sandstone structure of minerals with iron compounds.

Az ischaemiás posztkondicionálás hatása az oxidatív stresszre és a szöveti struktúrára vékonybél meleg ischaemiás és autotranszplantációs modellekben

Absztrakt Bevezetés/célkitűzés: Az ischaemiás posztkondicionálás (IPO) hatását kívántuk vizsgálni vékonybél meleg ischaemia/reperfusiós (I/R) és hideg konzerválást követő autotranszplantációs modellekben. Anyag és módszerek: Sertéseken (Σn = 32, n = 2/csoport) az arteria mesenterica superior leszorításával meleg ischaemiát hoztunk létre 1, 3 és 6 órán át. A 3 órás reperfusiót megelőzően 3 ciklusban IPO-t végeztünk ciklusonként 30 másodperc ischaemia és 30 másodperc reperfusio alkalmazásával. A hideg ischaemiás csoportokban a vékonybelet University of Wisconsin oldatban konzerváltuk 1, 3 és 6 órán keresztül. A 3 órás reperfusio előtt a fenti IPO protokollt alkalmaztuk. Bélmintákat vettünk a laparotomiát követően (kontroll) és a reperfusio végén. Az oxidatívstressz-markerek közül meghatároztuk a szöveti malondialdehid (MDA) és redukált glutation (GSH) koncentrációját, illetve a szuperoxid-dizmutáz (SOD) aktivitását. A szöveti károsodást Park-féle klasszifikáció és Scion Image Software kvantitatív kiértékeléssel határoztuk meg. Eredmények: Az oxidatívstressz-paraméterek közül az IPO szignifikánsan csökkentette a reperfusio végi lipidperoxidációt, és az endogén antioxidánsok (GSH, SOD) védő szerepe szignifikáns mértékben megőrződött. A szöveti károsodás a meleg ischaemia és a konzerválás idejének emelkedésével szignifikánsan nőtt. Az IPO minden csoportban szignifikánsan csökkentette a bélfal károsodását (p < 0,05). Következtetések: A meleg I/R és hideg konzerválást követő autotranszplantációs modellekben az IPO szignifikánsan csökkentette mind az oxidatív stressz, mind a szövetkárosodások mértékét.

Aeração nasal em crianças asmáticas

OBJETIVO: identificar a presença de sinais de alterações na expiração de crianças asmáticas. MÉTODO: este estudo foi realizado com 30 crianças com idades entre 6 e 10 anos de ambos os sexos com diagnóstico clínico de asma confirmado pelo prontuário médico e 30 crianças não asmáticas também de ambos os sexos na mesma faixa etária. Foi avaliada a aeração nasal com o espelho milimetrado de Altmann, sendo mensurado o escape de ar nasal objetivando a verificação da saída uni ou bilateral do ar e a relação de simetria entre a narina direita e a esquerda. As imagens foram importadas para o computador por meio do scanner HP da série Scanjet 2400. A análise foi realizada no software Scion Image for Windows (Alpha 4.0.3.2). Para análise das variáveis quantitativas entre grupos foi aplicado o teste t-student e para a análise intragrupos foi aplicado o teste t-Student pareado.Todas as conclusões foram tomadas ao nível de significância de 5%, sendo usados o Excel 2000 e o SPSS v8.0, para as análises. RESULTADOS: não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre as crianças asmáticas e não-ásmáticas, acerca das mensurações quanto à área total e quanto às áreas das narinas direita e esquerda. CONCLUSÃO: não foi identificada a presença de sinais de alterações na expiração de crianças asmáticas, desta forma, faz-se necessário um estudo mais específico das funções nasal e pulmonar.

Un método cuantitativo para medir el área de tubérculo dañado por larvas de Tecia solanivora (Lep.; Gelechiidae) a través de análisis de imágenes digitales

Se desarrolló un nuevo método de evaluación del nivel de daño provocado a los tubérculos por las larvas de polillas de la papa. El método se basa enel análisis de imágenes digitales, mediante la utilización de herramientas tecnológicas como son los paquetes libres: Gimp 2.6.4 y Scion Image. Se hizo una comparación entre la metodología propuesta y la metodología convencional basada en una evaluación visual de los daños. Se encontró que el nuevo método es particularmente confiable para medir los niveles de daño intermedios que son difíciles de estimar de manera visual. Finalmente, se determinó que con el uso de la metodología propuesta se pueden obtener datos más objetivos y precisos debido a que no están sujetos a interpretaciones humanas.