Direct dimethyl carbonate synthesis from CO2 and methanol catalyzed by CeO2 and assisted by 2-cyanopyridine: a cradle-to-gate greenhouse gas emission study

Rigorous process simulation helps in the qualification of direct CO2 to DMC conversion co-assisted by a catalyst and dehydration agent in GHG emission reduction.

Synthesis and characterization of Graphene produced from Iraqi date syrup

Graphene is a mono layer of hexagonal honey structure of carbon atoms. Iraqi date syrup was used as a carbon source for synthesis Graphene by expanded dehydration method, in which using of concentrated sulfuric acid as dehydration agent. The method name refers to expanded dehydration because of the increasing in volume with dehydration reaction. Characterization the prepared Graphene was done by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, AFM and UV-Visible techniques and compared with previous work. The final product was obtained by annealing at 600 °C or in other word thermal reduction to reduce all oxide groups combined with structure. Graphene XRD pattern shows wide peak at 002 plane centered at 2θ =23.758°, and d-spacing = 3.37 Å. AFM image shows that prepared Graphene in Nano sheets form. The method exhibit production yield about 9% and this is relatively high in comparison with other Graphene preparation methods.

Propylene Oxide: To Use or Not to Use in Biological Tissue Processing

Propylene oxide (1,2-epoxy propane) has long been utilized as a transitional solvent in the preparation of biological tissues. This compound compound is completely miscible with the various epoxy resins utilized for infiltrating tissues. Ethanol, perhaps the most widely used dehydration agent, does not possess this characteristic and must be removed before the process of infiltration commences. It is common practice amongst biological microscopists to pass tissues for a few minutes through pure propylene oxide (PO) immediately prior to infiltration. The tissues then are pre-infiltrated with various proportions of PO and the embedding medium of choice. For example, one traditional recipe takes the tissues progressively from pure PO to 2:1 PO/resin, 1:1 PO/resin, and 1:2 PO/resin mixtures, with stays of a few minutes at eacil stage. A lengthy procedure such as tills probably is not necessary and has never been favored by this worker.

Comparison of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane and Ethanol Dehydration: A Morphometric Evaluation

The use of acidified 2,2-dimethoxypropane (DMP) as a dehydration agent during the preparation of plant and animal tissues for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was suggested by Muller and Jacks. Subsequently, Maser and Trimble recommended its use in specimen preparation for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An extremely thorough investigation was conducted by Truter, et al, who concluded that "no increased degree of shrinkage could be detected" with the SEM and that organelle diameters were slightly greater after using DMP dehydration than when "conventional methods" were used.