Unraveling the Bioactive Profile, Antioxidant and DNA Damage Protection Potential of Rye (Secale cereale) Flour

Six different solvents were used as extraction medium (water, methanol, ethanol, acidified methanol, benzene and acetone) to check their phenolics extraction efficacy from flour of two rye cultivars. Rye extracts with different solvents were further analyzed for the estimation of phytochemicals and antioxidant properties. Different tests (TPC, TAC, DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, RPA and CTC) were performed to check the antioxidant properties and tannin contents in extracts. A bioactive profile of a rye cultivar indicated the presence of total phenolic compounds (0.08–2.62 mg GAE/g), total antioxidant capacity (0.9–6.8 mg AAE/g) and condensed tannin content (4.24–9.28 mg CE/100 g). HPLC was done to check phenolics in rye extract with the best solvent (water), which indicated the presence of Catechol (91.1–120.4 mg/100 g), resorcinol (52–70.3 mg/100 g), vanillin (1.3–5.5 mg/100 g), ferulic acid (1.4–1.5 mg/100 g), quercetin (4.6–4.67 mg/100 g) and benzoic acid (5.3 mg/100 g) in rye extracts. The presence of DNA damage protection potential in rye extracts indicates its medicinal importance. Rye flour could be utilized in the preparation of antioxidant-rich health-benefiting food products.

Evaluation on antioxidative capacity, nephroprotective effect, and DNA damage protection of mixed low potassium vegetables and fruits juice powder in HEK-293 cells

Background: An imbalance between free radical production and antioxidant defenses is one of the multifactorial natures contributing to many disorders. One of them is chronic kidney disease (CKD). The development of novel diets to slow progression or reduces complication of CKD are highly needed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidative capacity and nephroprotective effect of a product, mixed low potassium vegetables and fruits juice powder (MJP) in HEK-293 cells.Methods: The produced MJP was determined for phenolics and flavonoids content. The antioxidative capacity was examined by DPPH, FRAP and ABTS assay. The cell viability to MJP and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-treated were determined by MTT assay. The intracellular antioxidative capacity was determined by co-treatment of MJP and H2O2-induced HEK-293 cell damage including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, intracellular enzymes activities, and DNA damage protection.Results: The MJP at the concentration of 5 and 10 mg/ml showed positive effects on H2O2-induced HEK-293 cells protection and significantly increased cell viability. The ROS production measured by 2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF) were increased in the H2O2 treatment approximately 2 times but significantly decreased in the MJP treatment. The result of intracellular enzymatic antioxidant markers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were increased while the Malonaldehyde (MDA) level was attenuated in the co-treatment of MJP and H2O2-induced HEK293 cells compared with only H2O2-inducing. In the examination of the morphological change due to oxidative stress exhibited less nuclei fragment in the cell of MJP treatment. In addition, the isolated DNA was protected by MJP application. Conclusion: The produced MJP contains bioactive phenolic and flavonoid compounds. MJP possesses potential antioxidative capacity through the reducing H2O2-induced HEK-293 cells damage and increasing the intracellular antioxidant enzymes. In addition, the nephroprotective effects of MJP related to the antioxidant enzymes was involved in the free radical scavenging. Therefore, MJP could be a functional drink for individual limiting potassium and liquid uptake.Keywords: Antioxidative capacity, DNA damage protection, low potassium vegetables and fruits, nephroprotective, chronic kidney disease

COMPARATIVE STUDY AGAINST OXIDATIVE STRESS AND DNA DAMAGE PROTECTION ACTIVITY OF THE DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF TUBERS OF ARISAEMA TORTUOSUM (WALL.) SCHOTT.

Objective: Our main aim is to evaluate the comparative in vitro antioxidant and DNA damage protection activity study with different extracts of tubers of Arisaema tortuosum. Methods: A. tortuosum (Wall.) Schott. (Araceae family) is commonly known as whipcord cobra lily, used in India as traditional medicine. In vitro, antioxidant activity was done by six methods including determination of total phenolic and total flavonoid compounds. The DNA damage was estimated by standard diphenylamine reaction. Results: Methanolic extract of tubers of A. tortuosum has been found rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds when compared with other extracts. Methanolic extract of rhizomes of A. tortuosum showed potent antioxidant activity at a concentration of 400 μg/mL and potent the DNA damage protecting activity at a concentration of 50 μg/mL. Conclusion: Comparative study against oxidative damage and protection to the DNA damage protection activity of the different extracts of tubers of A. tortuosum (Wall.) Schott. showed that methanolic extract is most potent, though ethyl acetate extract also showed activity.