Strategy for the Management of Pulp and Paper Industry’sWaste Containing Lignosulfonates

The pulp and paper industry’s multi-tonnage liquid waste is spent cooking liquor containing lignosulfonates, which disposal and processing remains one of the most complex environmental and technological problems, which should be solved. Lignosulfonates have unique colloidal-chemical properties, which determines their high resource potential. However, lignosulfonates’ composition instability often does not provide the properties and indicators set by the consumer. Changing market conditions require constant waste monitoring and modification, that prevents the widespread lignosulfonates use in industrial practice. In this paper, the causes for the formation of lignin-containing waste and its impact on the environment are considered. A strategy for lignosulfonates utilization has been developed, as well as promising methods for these wastes processing and disposal, which will expand the use of lignosulfonates and reduce the pulp and paper industry negative impact on the environment.

THE CONVERSION OF THE MOISTURE-STABILITY WASTE-PAPERS WITH POLYMERIC COVERING. 2. CHAR-ACTERISTIC OF THE WASTE PAPER

Influence of the thermochemical processing (the cook) conditions and of the milling on characteristic of the waste paper with polyurethan and polyaziridin was studied. The waste paper was reduced to the degree size of the particles 5...8 mm in mill of the dry grind and chemical processing under higher temperature (to 70 °C) by solution, contain sodium persulfate and hydroxide; duty of water 6. Duration of cook varied from 1 to 5 hours, expense of persulfate sodium varied from 2 to 12%, hydroxide sodium – from 0.5 to 3% from mass of the waste-papers. The secondary fiber was obtaining by breaking-up of the pulp in the hydropulper. The dependency of the length and factor of the form of the secondary fiber from conditions cook was absent. The slight width increasing of the fibers with the higher pH of cooking liquor was determined: from 26.5 мкм under pH 3–4 to 29 мкм under pH 8–9. The conjectural reason is swelling of the cell wall. The waste paper milling was executed in the «stream-barrier» machine. The strength properties of the paper correspond with the feature, inherent of the secondary pulp.

Automation of public catering enterprises using modern digital technologies: Arduino IDE, OPC Modbus and Master Scada programs

In the article, the using of three computer programs was considered step-by-step. These programs are "Arduino IDE", "Modbus OPC Universal Master Server" and "Master Scada". They are using for creating projects of automation for public catering enterprises. There is an example of automation of the hot shop in this article, which demonstrates us the methods of engineering based on the modern digital technologies. If you want to learn how to create the projects using these programs, for the beginning, we recommend you to repeat our demonstration project. In the represented methods, we recommend using the integrated sensors for measuring options of technological processes of production dishes. Modern sensors of temperature, pressure, moving and humidity are adapting with microcontrollers very good. This fact allows to create compact, inexpensive devices for primary collection and processing of information. There was been showed the method of transferring of collected information to the computer of the supervisor on the example of created OPC-server. The supervisor can look for the processes, which are happening in the hot shop of the public catering establishment. The supervisor’s remote control is developed on the base of the «Master Scada» program. This is one of the most popular automation program. Creators of the «Master Scada» say that this program is widely used in such companies as «Gazprom» and «Rosatom». The wide possibilities of this program allow us in the three-dimensional graph to represent the objects of automation, to accelerate the executive and regulating mechanisms that are on the screen in front of the dispatcher. The practical example, which was demonstrated in this article, is limited by three mnemonic diagrams. First of them is the splash screen of the hot shop with the menu of the transiting to the mnemonic diagram of the controlling of the food-brewing boiler and the electrical frying cupboard. If operator switches over to mnemonic diagram of the food-brewing boiler, he sees the degree of filling boiler by the cooking liquor, the temperature of this liquor and time of the cooking. Using the control buttons operator can make changes to the program of cooking his dish. The program also looks for emergency modes, in particular, to prevent dry running..

Carbohydrate content of black liquor and precipitated lignin at different ionic strengths in flow-through kraft cooking

The influence of sodium ion concentration [Na+] on the dissolution of carbohydrates in black liquor (BL) during flow-through kraft cooking of Scots pine wood meal (Pinus sylvestris) was studied. Fractions of BL were collected at different times and the carbohydrate content of the various fractions was analysed. Lignin was precipitated from the BL by lowering the pH, and the carbohydrate content of the precipitated lignins (Lprec) was also examined. The molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the Lprecsamples was analysed. Xylose (Xyl) was found to be the most predominant sugar in BL aside from arabinose (Ara) and galactose (Gal), while the amounts of these sugars decreased with increasing levels of [Na+] in the cooking liquor. The minor amounts of mannose (Man) found in BL was not influenced by the [Na+]. The effects of NaCl and Na2CO3on the carbohydrate dissolution were similar, but slightly lower concentrations of Ara and Xyl were found in the case of NaCl application. All of the Lprecsamples contained some carbohydrate residues, the contents of which increased with increasing cooking time and decreased with higher [Na+]. It can be concluded that arabinoglucuronoxylan (AGX) along with arabinogalactans (AG) and arabinan, are covalently linked to lignin. The glucose (Glc) residue detected in Lprecmay originate from 1,3-β-glucan linked to lignin.

PRODUÇÃO DE PASTA CELULÓSICA E PAPEL DO PSEUDOCAULE DE BANANEIRA (Musa sp)

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o rendimento da conversão do pseudocaule de bananeira (Musa sp) em pasta celulósica. As pastas celulósicas, produzidas pelo processo soda, foram utilizadas na confecção de papéis, que foram comparados entre si, considerando-se características físicas e ópticas, como o fundo de impressão, a lisura e os aspectos superficiais. Foram avaliados os tempos de cozimento de 30 e 60 minutos e concentrações de hidróxido de sódio (NaOH) no licor de cozimento de 0; 1,5; 2,0 e 2,5%. Foi observado que os papéis produzidos das pastas sem adição de NaOH ao licor de cozimento são indicados para fins ornamentais, produção de sacolas e embalagens. Porém, não servem para a produção de papéis para impressão e escrita, pois apresentaram altos teores de rejeitos, com elevadas granulometrias. As folhas de papel da pasta celulósica obtida a partir do tratamento em que se adotou 60 minutos de cozimento e concentração de 2,5% de hidróxido de sódio foram, sob os pontos de vista físico e óptico, as melhores para impressão e escrita, além de apresentarem uma maior facilidade de formação, quando comparadas às demais.PALAVRAS CHAVE: Papel De Bananeira, Polpação Soda, Papel Artesanal. PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSIC PULP AND PAPER FROM BANANA (Musa sp) PSEUDOSTALK ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of conversion banana (Musa sp) pseudostakl in cellulose pulp. The cellulosic pulps produced by soda process were used to produce papers using different methods. All papers were compared considering physical and optical characteristics such as printing background, smoothness and surface aspects. We analyzed cooking times of 30 and 60 minutes and concentrations of sodium hydroxide in the cooking liquor from 0%; 1.5%; 2.0% and 2.5%. It was observed that the papers produced from pastes without addition of NaOH are indicated for ornamental purposes, production of bags and packaging. However, they may not be used for production of printing and writing papers, since they have high contents of tailings, with high granulometry. The treatment with 60 minutes of cooking and 2.5% of sodium hydroxide concentration resulted in papers physically and optically best for printing and writing, in addition easier to product, when compared to the others.KEYWORDS: Banana Pseudostalk Paper, Sodium Hydroxide Cooking, Craft Paper.