The energy correction due to a finite size nucleus of the hydrogen atom confined in a penetrable spherical cavity

We computed accurate values for the ground state energy of a hydrogen atom by a finite spherical barrier of height V0 as a function of the confinement radius . We consider the nucleus as a sphere with a uniform charge distribution instead of as a point particle. The contribution to the ground state energy due to the finite nuclear size is computed as a function of the confinement radius, and the height of the barrier, V0, using time-independent perturbation theory. For an impenetrable cavity with .5 au, we found that this energy correction is fifty times higher than the corresponding value for the free hydrogen atom. For a finite value of V0,we found that the maximum of the energy correction is reached at a value which very is close to the position at which the electron density is most compact around to the nucleus. This is confirmed though the Shannon entropy in configuration space.

Interplay of non-uniform charge distribution on the electrochemical modification of graphene

Graphene electrodes exchange electrons with electrolyte inhomogeneously, preferentially at the edges, and covalent functionalization alters the electronic organization of graphene.

INDUCED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS IN NONLINEAR QED

The Euler–Heisenberg effective Lagrangian is used to obtain general expressions for electric and magnetic fields induced by nonlinearity, to leading order in the nonlinear expansion parameter, and for quasistatic situations. These expressions are then used to compute the induced electromagnetic fields due to a spherical shell with uniform charge distribution on the surface, in the presence of an external constant magnetic field. The induced electric field contains several multipole terms with unusual angular dependences. Most importantly, the leading term of the induced magnetic field is due to an induced magnetic dipole moment.

The multiple water-bag model for forced oscillations in a warm isotropic plasma

It is shown that the multiple water-bag model, with both analytic and numerical properties, is fairly well suited to the study of forced oscillations launched by grid systems, for different geometries with possible non-uniform charge distribution, and for any distance within the range 0–100 Debye lengths.Freeston (1968) and Freeston & Malik (1971) compared measurements precisely with theoretical values of the electric field near a system of grids and antennas immersed in a plasma. Results provided a valuable diagnostic tool in space research; and radio-frequency probing was used successfully (Beghin & Debrie 1972; Chasseriaux, Debrie & Renard 1972).

EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FOR AXIAL VECTOR INTERACTION IN THE DISINTEGRATION OF Pr144

A detailed study of the disintegration scheme of Pr144 has been carried out using lens spectrometers, scintillation spectrometers, and fast coincidence techniques. The 2293 kev β-component (1.3%) studied in coincidence with γ 691 has a predominantly first forbidden unique shape and the β–γ directional correlation is strongly anisotropic. The results indicate a probable spin-sequence 0−(β)2+(γ)0+, but the accuracy is not sufficient to exclude completely a 1− assignment for the Pr144 ground state. The β 803 component (1.0%) observed in coincidence with γ 2181 has an allowed shape and the β–γ directional correlation is isotropic. The shape of the total β-spectrum was studied in a double lens spectrometer having good anti-scattering properties using sources of Ce144 oxide sublimed onto 200 μg/cm2 Al leaf. Subtraction of a unique (Bij) shape 2293 kev 1.3% component and an allowed shape 803 kev 1.0% component yields the ground state β-spectrum. Analyses were made using the electronic functions of Zerianova which assume uniform charge distribution with ρ = 1.2 A1/3 10−13 cm as well as the point charge functions of Rose with ρ = 1.41 A1/3 10−13 cm. The observed spectrum shape can be explained on 0− to 0+ selection rules only by the axial vector interaction. Limits on the permissible tensor or pseudoscalar admixtures with the axial vector are discussed. No acceptable fit is possible with tensor, pseudoscalar, or any TP admixture (interfering or not) using Rose and Osborn's pseudoscalar formalism.