Kinetic Study of Adsorption Active Carbon Cassava Skin for Removal of Acetic Acid from Aqueous Solution

The amount of liquid wastes containing acetic acid found from food industry such as tofu home industry released is relatively high and pollutes water quality and also environment nearby. Several methods reducing pollutant in liquid wastes are available, one of which is adsorption using carbon as an adsorbent. The production of cassava in Indonesia was about 23.936 tons in year 2013 which produced cassava’s skin wastes about 2.393 tons. Mostly these cassava’s skin wastes containing around 59.31% carbon is disposed as garbage. This research is to develop more on reducing acetic acid containing in liquid waste by carbon active from cassava’s skin with variation of particle sizes, reaction times and acetic acid liquid waste concentrations, and also to study the kinetic reaction of cassava skin active carbon adsorbing acetic acid between Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equations. The result shows the kinetic adsorption follows Freundlich isotherm equation with maximum capacity of Cassava skin active carbon 0.7 mg/g at particle size of adsorbent of 0.3375 mm and reaction time of 105 minutes.

Method of combined treatment of air terminal wastewater and liquid wastes from dry closets of aircrafts

В состав сточных вод аэровокзалов входят хозяйственно-бытовые и производственные стоки от технологического оборудования пищеблока. Технологические схемы очистки сточных вод аэровокзалов не предусматривают прием и очистку жидких отбросов от биотуалетов самолетов, которые являются высококонцентрированными по показателям ХПК, азот аммонийный, фосфор. Кроме того, они содержат высокие концентрации дезинфицирующих средств, действующим веществом которых являются четвертичные аммониевые соли (ЧАС), токсичные для микроорганизмов. В результате поступления жидких отбросов на действующие очистные сооружения аэровокзала качественные показатели биологической очистки сточных вод значительно ухудшились, также изменились свойства биоценоза биопленки. Целью исследований являлось определение способа снижения концентрации ЧАС до значений, при которых прекращается токсичное воздействие на биоценоз биопленки, и определение соответствующей технологической схемы. Представлен анализ литературных данных по воздействию ЧАС на микроорганизмы активного ила, на основании которого выполнены лабораторные исследования и разработан способ подготовки жидких отбросов из биотуалетов самолетов для последующей их совместной очистки с хозяйственно-бытовыми сточными водами аэропорта. В ходе испытаний определена эффективность сорбции предварительно регенерированным избыточным активным илом загрязняющих веществ, в том числе и ЧАС. Определены технологические параметры процессов, разработана и внедрена эффективная, надежная, простая в эксплуатации технологическая схема совместной очистки хозяйственно-бытовых сточных вод аэровокзала и жидких отбросов биотуалетов самолетов. The composition of the wastewater of air terminals includes sewage and industrial wastewater from the technological equipment of the food unit. Process flow schemes for wastewater treatment of air terminals do not provide for the reception and treatment of liquid wastes from water closets of aircrafts, that are highly concentrated in terms of COD, ammonium nitrogen, phosphorus. In addition, they contain high concentrations of disinfectants with quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) as an active ingredient toxic to microorganisms. As a result of liquid waste discharge to the operating treatment facilities of the air terminal, the quality indicators of biological wastewater treatment have significantly deteriorated, and the properties of the biocenosis of the biofilm have also changed. The aim of the research was to determine a method for reducing the concentration of QAS to the level where the toxic effect on the biofilm biocenosis ceased, and to develop an appropriate process flow scheme. An analysis of the literature data on the impact of QAS on activated sludge microorganisms is presented; on this basis laboratory studies were carried out and a method was developed for the pre-treatment of liquid waste from aircraft water closets for the subsequent combined treatment with the air terminal sewage. In the course of the tests, the efficiency of pollution sorption, including QAS, by the preliminary regenerated excess activated sludge was determined. The technological parameters of the processes were determined; an efficient, reliable, easy-to-use process flow scheme for the combined treatment of sewage of the air terminal and liquid waste of water closets of aircrafts was developed and implemented.

Parasitological and bacteriological survey of liquid wastes from Naze industrial clusters in Owerri, Imo state

Liquid wastes are known to be highly contaminated and pose great public health risk, especially when indiscriminately discharged to the environment. The parasitological and bacteriological survey of liquid wastes from Naze industrial clusters in Owerri metropolis was carried out. Sewage wastewater and laundry wastewater were used as study samples. 100mls each of the samples were collected from the drainage sites with sterile screw-capped specimen bottles, and sent to the laboratory for analysis. The liquid wastes were filtered and the filtrates were used for the analysis. Parasitological analysis employed Zinc Sulphate Centrifugal Flotation Technique and Modified Ziel-Nielsen stain (Acid-Fast Staining). Parasitic ova, cysts, larva and oocysts isolated were identified using standard morphological and taxonomic keys. Bacterial isolates were identified using standard microbiological techniques and biochemical characteristics where necessary. Parasites such as Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis, Trichuris trichiura, Enterobius vermicularis, Schistosoma mansoni, Hymenolepsis nana, Entamoeba histolytica, Gardia lamblia, Balantidium coll and Isospora belli were isolated from the liquid wastes. Bacteria species isolated included Erwinia amylovora, Listeria monocytogens, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus vulgaris. The results showed that the most prevalent parasite and bacteria isolated were Ascaris lumbricoides 49(37.6%) and Salmonella typhi (3.38x104 CFU/mL) respectively. These potentially pathogenic parasites and bacteria detected in these liquid wastes, pose serious threat to public health. Interventive measures such as public health education, adequate drainage and waste disposal system, regular and monitored environmental sanitation, and provision of safe and portable water supply to the study area, are recommended.

Elimination de polluants des déchets liquides d’une unité de production de sucre par des argiles naturelles de Côte d’Ivoire

L’impact des déchets liquides industriels sur l’environnement demeure une réalité et une menace pour la qualité des eaux souterraines et de surfaces. Parmi les méthodes de dépollution existantes, l’adsorption des polluants par les argiles naturelles reste une méthode moins couteuse, disponible et facilement utilisable. La plupart des études sur l’aptitude des argiles à éliminer les polluants est faite avec des déchets liquides artificiels dont les concentrations sont maitrisées. L’objectif de cette étude était d’éliminer les polluants dans les déchets liquides d’une unité industrielle agronomique (UIA) de production de sucre par deux argiles naturelles de Côte d’Ivoire. Trois sources de déchets liquides provenant des activités de laboratoire d’analyse des sols, de jus de canne et de canne à sucre de l’UIA. Le traitement aux argiles a montré des taux d’élimination à divers degrés des polluants. Les paramètres suivants ont été mesuré avant et après le traitement aux argiles : pH, conductivité, turbidité, phosphore total, azote total, cuivre, zinc, plomb et mercure. L’argile de Katiola présente des aptitudes plus élevées à éliminer les polluants, comparée à l’argile d’Anyama. Cette étude confirme l’intérêt de l’utilisation des argiles pour la dépollution.Mots clés : Eaux usées, métaux lourds, pollution, argiles, adsorption. English title: Removal of liquid waste pollutants from a sugar production unit using natural clays from Côte d'IvoireThe impact of industrial liquid waste on the environment remains a reality and a threat to groundwater and surface water quality. Among the existing depollution methods, the pollutants adsorption on natural clays remains a less expensive, available and easily usable method. Most studies on the ability of clays to remove pollutants are done with artificial liquid wastes whose concentrations are controlled. The objective of this study was to eliminate the pollutants in the liquid waste of an industrial agronomic sugar production unit using two natural clays from Côte d'Ivoire. Three sources of liquid wastes from the UIA's analysis laboratory activities. Treatment with clays showed varying degrees of removal of pollutants. The following parameters were measured before and after the clay treatment: pH, conductivity, turbidity, total suspended solids, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, copper, zinc, lead and mercury. The values of these parameters are compared to the national standard. Katiola clay exhibits higher abilities to remove pollutants compared to Anyama clay. This study confirms the value of using clays for depollution.Keywords: Wastewater, heavy metals, pollution, clays, adsorption.