Humanistic and Positive Psychologies: The Continuing Narrative After Two Decades

Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi launched the “positive” psychology movement with a conspicuously negative strategy: the seemingly deliberate character assassination of humanistic psychology. Their critical remarks, not at all original, appeared designed to distance positive psychology from humanistic psychology and (ironically) to paint a portrait of positive psychology as being more original than it really was. Seligman has since apologized for disparaging humanistic psychology, and this article assesses both the content of that apology and its value in the ongoing discussion concerning the relationship between humanistic and positive psychologies. The apology was found to be superficial and laced with more extensive explicit and implicit negative assessments of humanistic psychology. These assessments were found to range from theoretically biased partial truths to completely unfounded claims, all unworthy of scientific discourse and in need of fact checking. The unabated dissemination of these arguably damning and unsubstantiated views is framed in terms of van Kaam’s observations concerning the collectivist leanings of postindustrial psychological science, which fly in the face of the humanistic revolution.

Unknown negative genes in the positive RNA genomes of coronaviruses

Coronavirus family has a single-stranded RNA genome encoding 25-30 proteins in different viruses by the mechanism of positive-sense strategy. Extended open reading translation frames (genes) were found to locate under a negative-sense polarity in all coronaviruses genomes. These negative-sense genes varies in the range of 150-450 nt to encode negative genes polypeptides (NGP) with mol. wt. 5-30 kDa. It implies that coronaviruses besides positive genome strategy may have “a dark side of the Moon” expressing genes and virions through the negative strategy. It is noteworthy, that positive- and negative-sense genes colocolized in the same RNA regions of coronavirus genome, so called stacking genes. Ambisense stacking of genes in coronavirus genomes significantly increases virus diversity, genetic potential and extend virus-host adaptation pathway possibilities.

"The dark side of the Moon": unknown negative genes in the positive RNA genomes of coronaviruses

Coronavirus family has a single-stranded RNA genome encoding 25-30 proteins in different viruses by the mechanism of positive-sense strategy. Extended open reading translation frames (genes) were found to locate under a negative-sense polarity in all coronaviruses genomes. These negative-sense genes varies in the range of 150-450 nt to encode negative genes polypeptides (NGP) with mol. wt. 5-30 kDa. It implies that coronaviruses besides positive genome strategy may have “a dark side of the Moon” expressing genes and virions through the negative strategy. It is noteworthy, that positive- and negative-sense genes colocolized in the same RNA regions of coronavirus genome, so called stacking genes. Ambisense stacking of genes in coronavirus genomes significantly increases virus diversity, genetic potential and extend virus-host adaptation pathway possibilities.

Mother Speech Act to the Children When Gabut Baisukan in Banjar Society

The problem in this study is how does the form of conversation and mother speech act strategy to the children in Banjar society when gabut baisukan. This study will discuss the form of conversation and mother speech act strategy to the children in Banjar society when gabut baisukan. It is hoped that this study will add the conceptabout one of communication form in Banjarese culture in gabut baisukan.This study uses descriptive qualitative method. The data collection is done through note taking, recording, and also from document, and literature from January 2019 until June 2019. The data are taken from Martapura village, South Kalimantan. This study uses several steps, they are collecting the data, selecting the data, analysis, and presentation. The data presentation uses common words. The result shows that speech act used by mother to the children are dominated by command, while the strategy which is used is positive and negative strategy. Keywords: speech act, gabut baisukan, Banjar

A Brief (Hi)Story of Just-So Stories in Evolutionary Science

In this essay, I examine the usage of the term “just-so story.” I attempt to show that just-so storytelling can be seen as an epistemic concept that, in various ways, tackles the epistemological and methodological problems relating to evolutionary explanations qua historical/narrative explanations. I identify two main, yet mutually exclusive, strategies of employing the concept of a just-so story: a negative strategy and a positive strategy. Subsequently, I argue that these strategies do not satisfactorily capture the core of the “original” meaning advanced by Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Lewontin at the end of the 1970s. I revisit the foundation(s) of their anti-adaptationist critique in order to reframe it as a critique of distinctive methodological manners and epistemic maxims related to historical inquiry. Last but not least, I suggest that contemporary evolutionary thinkers have two conceptually different options: they can either adhere to the “original” meaning of the term “just-so story” or accept that “just-so story” is a term equivalent to “implausible narrative explanation.”

Politeness Strategies in EFL Classroom Context: Avoiding Future Conflict and Maintain the Harmony of Diversity

The research aims to investigate the politeness in language and action by students of Letters Faculty at Methodist University. Seeing the students from different etnic, religion, and culture, should be understanding and well manage to avoid future conflict and maintain the harmony of diversity among them. The research was done in the fifth-semester Cross Cultural Understanding class of Letters Faculty, The Methodist University of Indonesia. The researchers used a qualitative approach by observing the activities of students and recording their utterances during responding to the point of view. The result shows that the students applied the four types of politeness strategies in responding to context of avoiding conflict and maintain the harmony. The types are bald on record strategy, positive strategy, negative strategy and off record strategy. From the four types of politeness strategies, bald on record strategy is dominantly used by students. It is due to the students have a similar position, and it seems that no distance between them. All the communications are between students to students. For a reason, saying something directly and to the point are frequently used. Being polite should be in words and actions. From the research, students are polite in words but not in action. .

Strategi Kesopanan Berbahasa Yang Digunakan Oleh Penghuni Kos

Everyday, people share idea, intention and interest through language with other people. They do social interaction each other or one another in appropriate speech. To be successful in social interaction, people need to consider such requirements inorder to make good interaction.One of the requirements is politeness in using language in conversation.This research aimed to find out the types of politeness strategy used by people at boarding house. This research was conducted in a boarding house that consist of Bugis people and various age (16 to 25 years old) called BPJS. The design of this research was descriptive qualitative. The data was collected through voice recorder to gain the politeness strategy used by the people in the boarding house in their daily social interaction.The data was analyzed using conversational analysis which is required to the analytic exploration. Based on the data analysis, it was concluded four Kinds of Politenss strategies used by Boarding House BPJS occupants, they are bald on record, positive strategy, negative strategy, and off record. Eevery kind of politeness strategy used has some kinds of sub strategy. They are Necessary, Offer Something, Optimistic, Promises, Pessimistic, Question & Hedge, Ironic Espression and Ambiguous Expression.

Reflective Evolution Under Strategic Uncertainty

We consider population dynamics of agents who can both play the cooperative strategy and the competition strategy but ignore whether the game to come will be cooperative or noncooperative. For that purpose, we propose an evolutionary model, built upon replicator(–mutator) dynamics under strategic uncertainty, and study the impact of update decay. In replicator–mutator dynamics, we find that the strategy replication under certain mutation in an unstructured population is equivalent to a negative strategy replication in a structured population. Likewise, in replicator–mutator dynamics with decay, the strategy replication under certain mutation in a structured population is equivalent to a negative replication issued from an unstructured population. Our theoretical statements are supported by numerical simulations performed on bifurcation diagrams.

THE LOCAL VALUE OF BADONCEK FOR POLITENESS ASPECT IN MINANG COMMUNITIES WEST SUMATRA

This study analysis talking about the local value of Communication is the important thing in humanities sociality. The main part of the sociality life. Nowadays, doing communication is strongly influenced by the culture when communication is stated. This paper discusses on the relationship politeness strategy and Minang culture in doing communication. The Minang here was limited in the badoncek from wedding ceremony in Minang culture is a spontaneous social action and suitable with the needs of the moment. Indeed, the theory that used in politeness strategy was taken from Brown and Levinson theory. This theory was elaborated become four types of politeness strategy. They are bald on strategy, positive strategy, negative strategy, and off record strategy. The prior aim in this paper is to describe what types of politeness strategy that used in Minang wedding ceremony in their social life and to elaborate the types of politeness strategies applied by qualitative research.