Catalyst deep neural networks (Cat-DNNs) in singlet fission property prediction

Our Cat-DNNs scheme adopts physical correlations as “catalysts” for any multi-task deep neural network model to achieve higher physical accuracy. It can keep all output physically-reliable and precisely predict singlet fission properties.

A study on the statistical significance of mutual information between morphology of a galaxy and its large-scale environment

ABSTRACT A non-zero mutual information between morphology of a galaxy and its large-scale environment is known to exist in Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) upto a few tens of Mpc. It is important to test the statistical significance of these mutual information if any. We propose three different methods to test the statistical significance of these non-zero mutual information and apply them to SDSS and Millennium run simulation. We randomize the morphological information of SDSS galaxies without affecting their spatial distribution and compare the mutual information in the original and randomized data sets. We also divide the galaxy distribution into smaller subcubes and randomly shuffle them many times keeping the morphological information of galaxies intact. We compare the mutual information in the original SDSS data and its shuffled realizations for different shuffling lengths. Using a t-test, we find that a small but statistically significant (at $99.9{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ confidence level) mutual information between morphology and environment exists upto the entire length-scale probed. We also conduct another experiment using mock data sets from a semi-analytic galaxy catalogue where we assign morphology to galaxies in a controlled manner based on the density at their locations. The experiment clearly demonstrates that mutual information can effectively capture the physical correlations between morphology and environment. Our analysis suggests that physical association between morphology and environment may extend to much larger length-scales than currently believed, and the information theoretic framework presented here can serve as a sensitive and useful probe of the assembly bias and large-scale environmental dependence of galaxy properties.

Correlations and Scalability of Mechanical Properties on the Micro, Meso and Macro Scale of Precipitation-Hardenable Aluminium Alloy EN AW-6082

The mechanical properties of heat-treatable aluminium alloys are improved and adjusted by three different heat treatment steps, which include solution annealing, quenching, and aging. Due to metal-physical correlations, variations in heat treatment temperatures and times lead to different microstructural conditions with differences in the size and number of phases and their volume fraction in the microstructure. In this work, the investigations of the correlation between microhardness measurements on micro samples and the conventional mechanical properties (hardness, yield strength and tensile strength) of macro samples and the comparability of the different heat treatment states of micro and macro samples made of a hardenable aluminium alloy EN AW-6082 will be discussed. Using the correlations between the mechanical properties of micro samples and macro samples, the size of the samples and, thus, the testing cost and effort can be reduced.

Physical correlations of the scatter between galaxy mass, stellar content, and halo mass

ABSTRACT We use the UniverseMachine to analyse the source of scatter between the central galaxy mass, the total stellar mass in the halo, and the dark matter halo mass, for massive (Mvir > 1013 M⊙) haloes. We also propose a new halo mass estimator, the cen+N mass: the sum of the stellar mass of the central and the N most massive satellites. We show that, when real space positions are perfectly known, the cen+N mass has scatter competitive with that of richness-based estimators. However, in redshift space, using a simple cluster finder, the cen+N mass suffers less from projection effects in the UniverseMachine model. The cen+N mass is therefore a potential candidate to constrain cosmology with upcoming spectroscopic data from DESI. We analyse the scatter in stellar mass at fixed halo mass and show that the total stellar mass in a halo is uncorrelated with secondary halo properties, but that the central stellar mass is a function of both halo mass and halo age. This is because central galaxies in older haloes have had more time to grow via accretion. If the UniverseMachine model is correct, this implies that haloes selected using the centrals stellar mass will be biased old and that accurate galaxy-halo modelling of mass selected samples therefore needs to consider halo age in addition to mass.

FEATURES OF THE MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF FOUNDATIONS INTERACTION WITH COMPACTING SOILS, WITH ANISOTROPIC PROPERTIES

Features of the mathematical modeling of foundations interaction with compaction soils with anisotropic properties, by ultimate elements method in the physically and geometrically non-linear presentation are confirmed. To prove this fact it was obtained henomenological soil model that describes its state during building, work of compacted subsoil. Famous physical correlations of orthotropic medium were used in model. Modeling of cast work -in-situ pile with leading borehole and enlarged base for isotropic basic and for transversely-isotropic medium were compared. Reality of decisions obtained by modeling are provided by properties of ultimate elements, by sizes of calculated field, by choice of design schemes of soil compaction, by conformity of model state soil parameters.

Correlated scattering: probing atomic structure of molecules and nanoparticles

In 1977, Z. Kam theorized that correlations of scattering patterns, measured by exposing a solution of randomly oriented identical particles to x-ray radiation, could yield detailed information on the internal structure of the individual particles [1]. During a single exposure (whose duration should be short compared to the particle rotational diffusion time), physical correlations arise whenever multiple photons scatter from the same particle into different directions. By averaging correlations from many exposures, we have demonstrated that one can extract this correlated signal from a background of uncorrelated single-direction scattering events from different particles [2]. This additional information can be used to place constraints on model structures of the particles under investigation, providing a method of structure refinement to atomic resolution. We recently observed correlated scattering from solutions of ~10^9 silver nanoparticles exposed to synchrotron radiation at a microfocus beamline at SSRL [2]. By auto- and cross- correlating the Bragg rings 111 and 200, five correlation peaks were resolved corresponding to the structure and symmetry of silver's reciprocal lattice. To transition from nanoparticles to biomolecule studies, we have performed several experiments at x-ray free electron laser centers (SLAC and SPring-8), and are working to refine analysis techniques.

Invariant Measure

Bounded randomness of mass/energy exchange rates neither presuppose nor selects any specific time scale, thresholds of stability included. Nonetheless, the boundedness of the rates sets certain non-physical correlations among successive increments and thus justifies formation of “sub-walks” on the finest scale. Further, the “U-turns” at the thresholds of stability set certain correlations on the biggest possible scale of a relevant variable. The major question now is how the balance between the universal correlations, set by the “U-turns,” and those of the specific “sub-walks,” set by the bounded randomness, shapes the structure of a BIS that represents the evolutionary pattern of a relevant variable. It is proven that this issue is inherently related to another universal property of complex systems behavior that is power law distributions. It is demonstrated that power law distributions acquire novel understanding in the setting of boundedness: they appear as universal criterion for hierarchical structuring implemented under boundedness.