FINANCIAL POLICY IN THE SYSTEM OF STATE REGULATION OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY

The drawbacks of monetarist and fiscal definitions of the terms "finance", "financial system" and "financial policy" are revealed and the author's definitions of these concepts are theoretically s justified. The goal of financial policy is defined as ensuring sustainable balanced socio-economic development of the country based on economic incentives and harmonization of the economic interests of the main social macrogroups. One of the main objectives of financial policy is to ensure the financial stability of all sectors of the national economy (including the real one) while stimulating economic growth by supporting the domestic producer. The author's interpretation of the term "economic intermediaries" is given, which include economic agents that redistribute value added in their own interests to the detriment of the interests of the real sector of the economy.

The current state and factors of development of the grain sub-sector in Russia

The article examines the role and importance of grain in the country’s economy; indicators of the level of self-sufficiency with domestic products, including grain, in accordance with the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation. The priority of grain as a key product for ensuring the country’s food security has been determined. The relevance and importance of grain and grain products for the world market are shown. The specifics of the grain sub-sector of the country are revealed; its main features are determined, the indicators that determine its level and condition are analyzed. The positive dynamics inherent in the export-oriented southern regions of the country and the Central Chernozem region is shown. The programs of state support and development of the domestic producer of agricultural products, including in the grain sub-sector, are considered. The volumes of threshold and rolling stocks of grain are given. The main measures to increase grain production in order to ensure the country’s food security have been outlined.

Legal protection for the national product from commercial dumping

Commercial relationship , always take place when the foreign and importer illegal competition Domestic product at less than normal value or cost in another country , its perfume negative effects for the Domestic producer , consumer and foreign too , so three , legislator must be intervene to confrontation commercial Dumping crackdown which give right to obligate Extra Duty unless normal duty against exports in the State .

Brand Loyalty and Economic Nationalism of Russian Consumers

Objectives. The study of the relationship between economic nationalism and loyalty to foreign and domestic brands among Russian consumers. Background. Due to the peculiarities of the political and economic situation in the world, the problem of maintaining the national economy and domestic producer has become more acute in many countries. This problem is especially relevant for Russia, which is under sanctions. It was found In a number of foreign studies, that one of the factors of consumer loyalty is economic nationalism, however, the influence of this factor on the behavior of Russian consumers remains unexplored. Study design. The significance level of the differences between loyalty to the domestic and foreign brands was analyzed using the one-way ANOVA analysis of variance. The relationship between economic nationalism and brand loyalty was established using Spearman nonparametric correlation coefficient. Participants. 96 respondents aged 18 to 45 years (M = 22.51; SD = 4.63), 110 men and 86 women. Measurements. To assess the economic nationalism, the CENTSCALE (Consumer Economic Nationalistic Tendencies Scale) methodology of Cheah and Phau was translated in Russian and adapted. To measure brand loyalty, the author’s technique was used. Results. The main hypothesis was not confirmed: there were no significant correlations between economic nationalism and brand loyalty, while a higher loyalty of Russians to foreign brands than to domestic ones was found. Conclusions. Russian consumers have a significantly higher loyalty to foreign brands than domestic ones, while the correlation between economic nationalism and the level of brand loyalty among Russian consumers has not been revealed.

2. Fiscal Measures: Customs Duties and Internal Taxation

This chapter provides an overview of the rules on the free movement of goods, and how the various provisions interrelate. It discusses the scope of the Treaty provisions on goods. It then turns to examine Articles 30 and 110 TFEU. Article 30 TFEU prohibits both customs duties and charges having equivalent effect to a customs duty. Article 110 TFEU applies to discriminatory or protective charges levied internally within a state. Cases on the borderline between Articles 30 TFEU and 110 TFEU are also considered: the situation of a charge imposed on a product not produced in the Member State (the so-called exotic import); para-fiscal charges (those charges that apply to all goods but are then refunded in some form to the domestic producer); and other levies which appear to apply to all goods but are in fact targeted at the imported good.

POLICY ANALYSIS MATRIX FOR THE ESSENTIAL CEREAL CROPS VARIETIES (RICE BUHOOTH 1, AND CORN SYNTHETIC GENOTYPE BAGHDAD 3) (STUDY CASE) IN IRAQ FOR THE YEAR 2012

The objective of this research was to analyze the economic impact of government intervention in the essential cereal crops for (Rice Buhooth1, and Synthetic genotype Baghdad3) by comparing the social price and private prices through adopting policy analysis matrix approach PAM and the derived parameters from it .The research was divided into two chapters; the first chapter was about field counting for the policy analysis matrix PAM and measuring the implications of the government intervention on the Rice Buhooth1. The second chapter was about explaining the field counting for policy analysis matrix PAM and measuring the implications of the government intervention impact on the second synthetic genotype Baghdad3.The research found a set of results, the most important result showed that the value of profitability coefficient was about 3.69, this indicates that the rice crop production system for the Rice Buhooth 1 takes advantage of the adopted government policy in that year, which means that there is governmental support for the product. In addition, domestic resource cost coefficient value which was about 0.72 indicates that there is comparative advantage for the Rice Buhooth 1 for the year 2012. The values of the nominal and effective protection coefficient were about 1.74 and 1.59 respectively; the value of the first factor indicates that there is governmental support for the domestic producer for the above, while the second factor indicates that the domestic producer will obtain greater returns in the investment of its resources in the existence of the government intervention from its absence. Regarding the Synthetic genotype Baghdad3, the value of profitability coefficient was about 1.75 which means that there is governmental support for the product. The domestic resource cost coefficient value was about 0.24 which indicates that there was comparative advantage for the mentioned above for the year 2012. The values of the nominal and effective protection coefficient were about 1.48 and 1.56 respectively; the value of the first factor indicates that there is governmental support for the domestic producer for the above, while the second factor indicates that the domestic producer will obtain greater returns in the investment of its resources in the existence of the government intervention from its absence. Finally, it is highly recommended that support should be increased for the varieties that the country has greater comparative advantage in order to improve the utilization of available resources and reduce wasted resources. Moreover, similar studies should be done in the future by other researchers to major cereal crops varieties at the country level in order to do comparison between them to set a mechanism for the government intervention policy in the main crop prices in the country which help both the local producer and agricultural investor in directing its resources properly.

INVESTMENT PRIORITIES IN THE AGRICULTURAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN IRAQ USING POLICY ANALYSIS MATRIX APPROACH CEREALS CROPS (RICE AMBER AL BARAKA BUHOOTH2, CORN SYNTHETIIC GENOTYPE FAJER 1, AND WHEAT BUHOOTH 158) STUDY CASE

The aim of this study is to focus on the investment priorities in the agricultural scientific research in Iraq for three cereals crops (Rice Amber Al Baraka Buhooth2, Corn Synthetic genotype Fajer1, and wheat Buhooth158) for the year (2012) respectively by using analysis method named police Analysis Matrix. This method is considered being a way of knowing the impact of investment in the agricultural scientific research, and it is done by calculating Profitability coefficient, Domestic Resource Cost coefficient, Producer Subsidy Ratio coefficient, and Private Cost coefficient Ratio for the cereals crops mentioned above. The research found a set of results, the most important result showed that .The investment was profitable for domestic producer for the wheat Buhooth158 for the year 2012 based on the values of profitability coefficient which was about 2.93 and private cost coefficient ratio which was about 0.44 , producer subsidy ratio coefficient which was 45.36% and private profits which were 450140 respectively . The investment was profitable for domestic producer for the variety Amber Al Baraka Buhooth2 for the year 2012 based on the values of profitability coefficient which was about 2.57, private cost coefficient ratio which was about 0.31 , producer subsidy ratio coefficient which was 60.87% and private profits which were 857360 respectively. The investment was profitable for domestic producer for the variety Synthetic genotype Fajer1 for the year 2012 based on the values of profitability coefficient which was about 1.78 and private cost coefficient ratio which was about 0.17 and producer subsidy ratio coefficient which was 49.95% and private profits which were 1458574 respectively Finally, it is highly recommended that support should be increased for variety that the country has greater comparative advantage in order to improve the utilization of available resources and reduce wasted resources. Moreover, similar studies should be done in the future by other researchers for the major cereal crops at the country level in order to do comparison between them to set an investment mechanism which help both the researcher, local producer and agricultural investor in directing its resources.

Pass-through of imported input prices to domestic producer prices: evidence from sector-level data

Motivated by stylized facts pointing to a dominant role of imported inputs in transmitting external price shocks to domestic prices, this paper zooms in to study the pass-through of imported input costs to domestic producer prices. Our approach constructs effective input price indices from sector-level price data combined with sector-level information on input-output linkages. Applying an error correction model specification to sector-level output and input prices, the long-run pass-through rate of effective imported input costs to domestic producer prices is estimated to be around 70 percent in Korea and almost 100 percent in selected European countries.

Performance of sunflower cultivars at different seeding periods in central Brazil

ABSTRACT Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a very important crop for Brazil, and especially for Chapada do Parecis which is the largest domestic producer, because of its climate and soil conditions are adequate to the development of the specie. The performance of cultivars and sunflower seed sowing periods were evaluated in Central Brazil. Experimental design comprised an 8 x 5 factorial randomized complete block, with eight sunflower cultivars (Aguará 06, Aguará 04, MG 305, CF 101, SYN 3950HO, SYN 045, GNZ NEON and HELIO 251) and five decennial seeding periods, with three replicates. Analysis of variance and Scott-Knott´s test (p<0.05) were applied. Cultivars GNZ NEON and SYN 045 provide the highest production rates in achenes, with higher value in favor of GNZ NEON. SYN 3950HO (this with higher value), CF101, MG 305, SYN 045 and Aguará 04 gets the highest oil rates in the achenes, with SYN 045, GNZ NEON, Aguará 04, CF101 and SYN 3950HO with the highest oil production. The first seed sowing period is the most productive and the first and fifth periods have the best results for oil productivity. Cultivar GNZ NEON and the first period exceede the others with regard to vegetative and reproductive variables.