Basic numerical modeling for the implementation of measures to improve the environmental situation at facilities

The problems of the ecological situation in the Central Chernozem region at technosphere objects of strategic importance are consired. As a specific object, AO "Lebedinsky GOK" which is a favorite for the extraction of iron ore on Russian and world trading platforms. Effective industrial general technical preventive measures are recommended, focused on reducing the emission of dust particles during serial blasting of iron-containing rocks at a specific facility. The most effective preventive measures to minimize the concentration of dust and gases are considered. The application of the method of controlling the wetting and sticking of dust particles is shown. It is based on the use of solutions of surfactants (surfactants). An anionactive surfactant based on triethanolamine salts is recommended. The concentration of the surfactant is selected according to the value of the surface tension of the solution.

The main results of monitoring the fertility of arable soils in the forest-steppe zone of the Central Chernozem Region (on the example of the Belgorod)

The paper analyzes the results of an agrochemical survey for 2010-2019 of arable soils of the Ivnyansky district of the Belgorod region, located in the south-west of the forest-steppe zone of the Central Chernozem region (CDR). It was found that in the soil and climatic conditions of this area for the period from 2010-2014 to 2015-2019. a decrease in the doses of applied mineral fertilizers from 126.6 to 122.8 kg/ha and a simultaneous increase in the doses of organic fertilizers from 18.3 to 23.1 t/ha contributed to an increase in the yield of winter wheat by 28.3%, spring barley - by 22.7%, corn for grain - by 24.7%, sugar beet - by 34.8%, sunflower - by 26.6% and soybeans - by 15.2%. At the same time, the content of mobile forms of phosphorus in soils increased by 29, potassium - by 53, sulfur - by 0.20, copper - by 0.51, manganese - by 3.61, cobalt - by 0.007 mg/kg, organic matter - by 0.25%. As a result of the implementation of measures for chemical reclamation of acidic soils on an area of 29.6 thousand hectares, the proportion of acidic soils decreased from 80.0 to 56.2%. Keywords: RECLAMATION, TRACE ELEMENTS, ORGANIC MATTER, PHOSPHORUS, POTASSIUM, FERTILIZERS, CHERNOZEM, FERTILITY, ACIDITY

EVALUATION OF THE INITIAL MATERIAL OF THE FESTULOLIUM FOR THE STEPPE CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL CHERNOZEM REGION

In recent decades, a new feed crop, festulolium, has been widely used in the feed production of Russia. In this regard, an important task is the permanent creation of a line of festulolium varieties that ensure high efficiency of using this crop in various climatic and ecological conditions. The article presents the material on the assessment of the initial material of the festulolium in the steppe conditions of the Central Chernozem region.

ANALYSIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF SPRING WHEAT IN THE EXPERIMENT WITH ORGANIC FERTILIZERS

The aim of the study is to identify differences in the morphological parameters of spring wheat of the Darya variety, 3 reproductions in modern soil and climatic conditions of the northwestern part of the Central Chernozem region in the introduction of chicken manure at a dose of 30 kg/ha and semi-ripened cattle manure also at a dose of 30 kg/ha on leached medium loamy chernozem, char-acteristic of the northwestern part of the CDR. Differences in the morphological properties of spring wheat were revealed when applying an equal dose of fertilizers in a small-scale experiment with fertilizers. More developed plants were identified in the experiment with chicken manure, which indicates a more complex effect of chicken manure in the soil and climatic conditions of the north-west of the Central Chernozem region.

Bonitet assessment of graft-rootstock combinations of apple tree varieties in the conditions of the Central Chernozem region

The study and analysis of the condition of garden plantings is the most important stage in assessing their profitability and determining the feasibility of further production. Bonitet assessment and inventory are one of the options for such an assessment. The paper presents various methods of assessing graft-rootstock combinations of apple trees in the conditions of the Central Chernozem region. The bonitet class of garden plantings has been determined, the growth characteristics of trees and their relationship with the sub-tree inventory and bonitet assessment of graft-rootstock combinations have been analyzed.

Biochemical value of berries of promising edible honeysuckle varieties for the production of functional food products

Lonicera edulis L. occupies a special place among sparsely distributed garden crops in the middle horticulture zone of Russia. The main advantages of the culture are its long maturation period, long fruiting period, high plasticity, value of the biochemical composition of berries. The paper presents experimental data on the biochemical composition of honeysuckle berries of the new generation introduced under the conditions of the Central Chernozem Region. Varieties with high levels of soluble dry substances, sugars, ascorbic acid, flavonols are noted. Prospects of obtaining functional food products using fresh honeysuckle fruits are considered. “Honeysuckle” fruit drink and low-calorie jams with high antioxidant activity are obtained.

Chemical composition of a seed kernel of a pumpkin produced in the Central Chernozem region of Russia

Seeds are the by-product in the cultivation of pumpkin. They are characterized by a high level of mineral substances and essential oils. However, the level of accumulation of biologically active components of seed kernel varies greatly among pumpkin varieties depending on climatic cultivation zones. Pumpkin varieties – Vitaminnayanaya, Michurinskaya sladkaya, Kubyshka, Muskatnayanaya, Aport – are taken as the objects of study. The chemical analysis of pumpkin seed kernels was carried out in accordance with generally accepted methodological recommendations. It was found that the sodium content in pumpkin seed kernel in the varietal section varies within the range of 5.07-17.6 mg/100 g, potassium – 554.8-767.1 ml/100g, calcium – 156.6-989.0 ml/100g, magnesium – 125.5-323.8 ml/100g, iron – 2.31-6.92 ml/100g, copper – 0.384-0.697 ml/100g, zinc – 4.80-7.43 ml/100g. The kernels of pumpkin seeds of the Michurinskaya sladkaya variety are characterized by high level of calcium – 989 ml/100g. Pumpkin seed kernels zoned in Tambov Region are rich in essential linoleic acid (52.59-63.87%), polyunsaturated oleic acid (11.70-27.35%), tocopherol (90-140 ml/100g). According to the content of linoleic acids, the highest indicators were found in seeds of Aport varieties – 63.87%, oleic acids – Muskatnayanaya (27.35%). The high content of tocopherol is typical for seeds of the Michurinskaya sladkaya variety – 140 ml/100 g. The obtained data on the chemical composition of pumpkin seed kernels indicate their promising use in the creation of functional food products and biologically active additives.

Trifolium Repense L. Breeding In The Central Chernozem Region: Main Directions And Methods Of Work

Varieties and breeding samples of creeping clover Trifolium repense L. of lawn direction were studied in the nursery of competitive varietal trials. Using the methods of recurrent breeding involving local populations of creeping clover growing on chalk outcrops as initial forms, two varieties ‘Krasnoyaruzhsky’ and ‘Ilyok’ were obtained, as well as a new breeding sample PO 17/07. Varieties ‘Krasnoyaruzhsky’, ‘Ilyok’ and selection sample PO 17/7 are characterized by high seed productivity, the possibility of cultivation on soils with high carbonate content (burial of construction waste in an urban environment, reclamation of man-made-disturbed landscapes, etc.); high resistance to trampling. Seed yield over three years of tests in varieties ‘Krasnoyaruzhsky’, ‘Ilyok’ and breeding sample PO 17/7 significantly exceed the standard by an average of 24,6-26,8%; have uniform foliage at the level of 48-53%. Breeding sample PO 17/7 is planned to be submitted to the State variety testing.

Grass ecosystems in agrolandscapes of the Yeletsky District of the Central Russian Province forest-steppe zone of the Central Chernozem Region of Russia

In order to study the spatial distribution of biological and ecological patterns of grass ecosystems, we conducted an agrolandscape-ecological zoning of the territory of the Central Chernozem Region of Russia (CCR) on the basis of the author’s methodology. According to the zoning data, it is established that 75% of the territory of the CCR belongs to the forest-steppe zone. The Central Russian province of the forest-steppe zone covers 67% of the territory of the CCR. Yeletsky district occupies the eastern spurs of the Central Russian upland. The area of the district is 1929.7 thousand hectares. Most of the district (90%) is located in the Lipetsk region, 10% – in the Kursk region. In the past, the watersheds of the district were occupied by meadow steppes and partly oak forests. Currently, more than 80% of the district’s territory is occupied by agricultural land (arable land, pastures, hayfields). The structure of land is dominated by arable land-67% of the total area of the district, pastures occupy 11%, hayfields – 3%, forests – 7%, shrubs – 2%, under water and swamps – 1%, other land – 8%. The grass ecosystems of the meadow steppes preserved along the gullies and slopes are mainly used as natural grasslands (NG) and make up 79% of all NG of the Yelets District. The most common are the downed tipchak pastures on the slopes of different steepness. The yield of these pastures is 8–12 centners per hectare of dry eaten mass.

FORESTRY PRINCIPLES AND LOGISTICS IN THE SPHERE OF REPRODUCTION OF OAK FORESTS IN THE CENTRAL BLACK EARTH

The reproduction of forests is long-term. A complex and multifaceted silvicultural and technological process taking place in the conditions of disordered economic human activity and global warming. Reproduction of oak forests in the Central Black Earth Region, which are the cradle of Russian ship oak forests, has a regional specificity, which consists in the fact that in most forestries it is carried out mainly through artificial reforestation and sometimes combined. The reason is the complete absence of natural seed regeneration of oak under the canopy of mature and over-mature stands entering clear and selective sanitary felling.Even in narrow-cut and clear- cut areas, including those cultivated in accordance with the current requirements of the “Regulations for reforestation”, there is an intensive change of the main forest-forming species (pedunculate oak, common ash and Norway maple) to accompanying and less valuable (aspen, willow, birch , linden, hazel, etc.).On the basis of generalization of the long-term experience of the forestries of the region, logistics and silvicultural principles of sustainable-expanded, program- targeted and effective reproduction of oak forests are proposed and scientifically substantiated, without strict adherence to which, in practice, it is impossible to grow new durable high-quality, sustainable and highly productive oak forests with given target taxation characteristics. A step-by- step algorithm of sustainably expanded reproduction of oak forests of the future is considered. Prospects, ways and methods of high-quality and sustainably expanded reproduction of oak forests in the forestries of the Central Chernozem region have been determined.The prospects, ways and methods of high-quality and sustainably expanded reproduction of oak forests in the forestries of the Central Chernozem region have been determined. Controlled natural seed and artificial methods with the obligatory timely and high-quality agrotechnical and silvicultural maintenance, preventing the drowning of the pedunculate oak by other, faster-growing species, should become priority.