The Responses of Physiological Characteristics and Flowering Related Gene to the Different Water Stress Levels of Red-Flesh Pummelo Cultivars (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) Own-Rooted by Air Layering Propagation under Two Growing Conditions

One of the major problems in the fruit production of citrus, including pummelo (Citrus grandis) is controlling flowering induction. Water stress is known to be related to flowering induction via physiological responses related to the flowering gene. However, reports on the mechanisms underlying floral induction by water stress in pummelo are limited. Thus, this study aimed to determine the physiological characteristics and the expression of genes related to flowering induction, CiFT (Citrus Flowering locus T), in pummelo at different levels of water stress. Experiments were conducted under two growing conditions: field and container conditions, each using a 2 × 5 factorial experiment in a randomized complete block. Factor A consisted of two red-flesh pummelo cultivars while factor B consisted of five levels of water stress based on the leaf rolling index. Among the seven characteristics studied, only the data of total nitrogen, CiFT, and flower number were combined for analysis due to their results in a homogeneity test. Although a consistent tendency was not observed for the interaction among environments, genotypes, and water stress levels of all characteristics, ‘KKU-105’ grew more flowers under higher water stress conditions (225 flowers). This result may imply that decreases in total nitrogen (1.48%), stomatal conductance (50.53 m−2s−1), chlorophyll fluorescence (0.30 Fv/Fm), and upregulation of CiFT mRNA level (13.95) may induce flowering in the pummelo cultivar ‘KKU-105’.

On generalized compensation functions for factor maps between shift spaces on countable alphabets

We show the existence of generalized compensation functions for a particular type of one-block factor maps [Formula: see text] between countable subshifts [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. For factor maps between compact spaces, continuous compensation functions were studied by Walters in relation to the theory of relative pressure. Applying the thermodynamic formalism for sequences on countable subshifts, we generalize some existing results on factor maps between compact spaces to non-compact spaces. For related questions, we also study the existence of a preimage measure on [Formula: see text] of an invariant measure on [Formula: see text], and their relations.

One Dimensional Discrete Scan Statistics for Dependent Models and Some Related Problems

The one dimensional discrete scan statistic is considered over sequences of random variables generated by block factor dependence models. Viewed as a maximum of an 1-dependent stationary sequence, the scan statistics distribution is approximated with accuracy and sharp bounds are provided. The longest increasing run statistics is related to the scan statistics and its distribution is studied. The moving average process is a particular case of block factor and the distribution of the associated scan statistics is approximated. Numerical results are presented.

Growth Performance of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) reared on deep litter and cages in the hot humid tropics of Southern Bénin Republic

The performance of male and female quails reared separately in cages and on deep litter was investigated. One hundred and eighty 3-week old quails managed for five weeks. There were three replicates per treatment with stocking densities of 120cm2/bird in cage and 180cm2/bird on deep litter and sex as a block factor. Data on weekly body weight, weight change, daily feed and water intakes, feed: gain, carcass yield and costs of production were analysed. Daily water consumed by quails between the housing systems (62.76±11.21mL/d on deep litter vs. 66.96±12.18mL/d in cage system, p>0.05) were same. However, quails housed on deep litter consumed more feed from 43-56 days of age (25.34±1.77g/d vs. 22.99±1.55g/d). Quails reared on deep litter also grew faster during the first week of that period (3.33±1.70g/d vs. 0.69±0.87g/d). However, gain in body weight was noticed from day 22 to day 49 but a sudden decline thereafter for all quails regardless of sex and housing system. Carcass yield was not affected by housing system but values for thighs, empty gizzard and liver of quails kept on deep litter were higher (respectively 12.95±0.86% vs. 11.99±0.83%, 2.12±0.18% vs. 1.84±0.20%, 2.11±0.59% vs. 1.88±0.43%; p<0.05). Production costs were the same (p>0.05) whether on deep litter (3414.30±172.95CFA/kg) or in cages (3283.43±77.72CFA/kg). However, the production cost per kilogram of carcass of male quails was lower compared to females (3205.88±138.95CFA/kg vs. 3484.35±131.57CFA/kg, respectively) regardless of the housing system. Sex and age of quails affect performance and not the type of housing system.

Productivity and Blocking dalam Sistem Morfologi Bahasa Arab

<p><em>Abstrak - </em><strong>Bahasa Arab adalah bahasa yang produktif, berdasarkan pada akar dan pola, dan sistem kata dan paradigma. Sehubungan dengan itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap produktivitas formasi kata baru dalam bahasa Arab. Namun, dalam menggambarkan produktivitas, ada faktor pemblokiran yang berfungsi sebagai penghalang produktivitas. Penelitian ini menjelaskan dan menjelaskan bentuk atau pola yang keberadaannya diblokir oleh bentuk lain yang tidak mengikuti pola standar.</strong></p><p><strong>Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan yang menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Metode deskriptif digunakan dalam analisis data. Temuan dianalisis berdasarkan teori yang relevan. Ringkasan dari temuan tersebut adalah tujuan penelitian ini. Teori tentang qawaidul I'lal dari Al Ghulayaini (1994) dan Sulaiman (1995), di nahwu al asri, digunakan sebagai teori referensi dalam penelitian ini, sedangkan data diambil dari majalah Alo Indonesia edisi 104.</strong></p><p><strong>Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa bahasa Arab memiliki 7 jenis bentuk atau perubahan pola yang melanggar aturan wazan. Perubahan pola semacam ini menjadi faktor pembatas bagi generasi pola sebenarnya. Memang, pola ini adalah pola yang sering digunakan secara produktif. Dalam istilah bahasa Arab, pola tersebut dikenal sebagai qawa idul I'lal. Mereka adalah (1) <em>i`la: l bi al-qalb</em>, ada dalam 124 kata, (2<em>) i`la: l bi al-hadf</em>, ada dalam 56 kata, (3) <em>i'la: l bi al-taskin</em> adalah dalam 9 kata, (4) <em>i`la: l bi al-naql </em>ada dalam 21 kata, (5) <em>i`la: l bi al-naql wa al-qalb</em> ada dalam 27 kata, dan (6) <em>i`la : l bi al-naql wa al-hadf</em>, ada dalam 10 kata, dan juga (7) <em>'i`la: l bi al-naql wa al-qalb wa al-hadf</em> ada dalam 1 kata.</strong><strong></strong></p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Kata Kunci</em></strong><em> – Kata dan Paradigma, Morfologi, Produktivitas, Pemblokiran, </em><em>I’lal</em><em></em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Abstra</em><em>ct <strong>- </strong></em><strong>Arabic is a productive language, based on root and pattern, and word and paradigm system. In relation to it, this research aims to reveal the productivity of new word formation in Arabic. However, in describing the productivity, there is a blocking factor that serves as a barrier for the productivity. This reseach describes and explains the forms or patterns whose existence are blocked by other forms which do not</strong><strong> </strong><strong>follow a standard pattern.</strong><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong>This research is a library research which use qualitative approach. The descriptive methods are used in the data analysis. Findings are analyzed based on the relevan theory. The summary of the findings are the goal of this study. Theory about qawaidul I’lal from Al Ghulayaini (1994) and Sulaiman (1995), in nahwu al asri, are used as a reference theory in this study, while the data are drawn from Alo Indonesia magazine 104 edition. </strong></p><p><strong>The results of analysis reveal that Arabic has 7 type of form or pattern change that violate the apply wazan rules. These kinds of pattern change become a block factor for the generation of the true pattern. Indeed, these patterns are the one that are frequently used in a productive way. In Arabic term, those pattern are well known as qawa-idul I’lal. They are (1) <em>i`la:l bi al-qalb</em>, exist in 124 words, (2) <em>i`la:l bi al-hadf</em>, exist in 56 words, (3) <em>i`la:l bi al-taskin</em> is in 9 words, (4) <em>i`la:l bi al-naql </em>is in<em> </em>21 words, (5) <em>i`la:l bi al-naql wa al-qalb </em>is in 27 words, and (6) <em>i`la:l bi al-naql wa al-hadf, </em>exist in 10 words, as well as (7) <em>'i`la:l bi al-naql wa al-qalb wa al-hadf</em> is in 1 word.</strong><strong></strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><strong><em>Keywords</em> - </strong><em>Word and paradigm, morfologi, productivity, blocking, I’lal</em>

Phase transitions in long-range Ising models and an optimal condition for factors of -measures

We weaken the assumption of summable variations in a paper by Verbitskiy [On factors of $g$-measures. Indag. Math. (N.S.)22 (2011), 315–329] to a weaker condition, Berbee’s condition, in order for a one-block factor (a single-site renormalization) of the full shift space on finitely many symbols to have a $g$-measure with a continuous $g$-function. But we also prove by means of a counterexample that this condition is (within constants) optimal. The counterexample is based on the second of our main results, where we prove that there is a critical inverse temperature in a one-sided long-range Ising model which is at most eight times the critical inverse temperature for the (two-sided) Ising model with long-range interactions.

The Treponema denticola FhbB Protein Is a Dominant Early Antigen That Elicits FhbB Variant-Specific Antibodies That Block Factor H Binding and Cleavage by Dentilisin

TheTreponema denticolaFhbB protein contributes to immune evasion by binding factor H (FH). Cleavage of FH by theT. denticolaprotease, dentilisin, may contribute to the local immune dysregulation that is characteristic of periodontal disease (PD). Although three FhbB phyletic types have been defined (FhbB1, FhbB2, and FhbB3), thein vivoexpression patterns and antigenic heterogeneity of FhbB have not been assessed. Here, we demonstrate that FhbB is a dominant early antigen that elicits FhbB type-specific antibody (Ab) responses. Using the murine skin abscess model, we demonstrate that the presence or absence of FhbB or dentilisin significantly influences Ab responses to infection and skin abscess formation. Competitive binding analyses revealed that α-FhbB Ab can compete with FH for binding toT. denticolaand block dentilisin-mediated FH cleavage. Lastly, we demonstrate that dentilisin cleavage sites reside within critical functional domains of FH, including the complement regulatory domain formed by CCPs 1 to 4. Analysis of the FH cleavage products revealed that they lack cofactor activity. The data presented here provide insight into thein vivosignificance of dentilisin, FhbB and its antigenic diversity, and the potential impact of FH cleavage on the regulation of complement activation.