THE EFFICIENCY OF INDEX SELECTION OF SIMMENTAL LIVESTOCK HERDS IN ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL MILK PRODUCTION

The article highlights the results of studies of the effectiveness of index selection in herds of Simmental cattle in organic and conventional milk production using the selection index of R. Teinber, indicating the feasibility of its use, because the indicators of dairy productivity of animals of different groups are significantly different. The improvement of the quantitative indicators of milk productivity of cows in the herd of the Simmental breed, both in conventional and organic dairy production, largely depends on the value of the selection index. The strength of the influence of the selection index in the herd of Miroslavel-Agro on milk yield for 305 days of lactation of cows was 67%, milk fat – 88, milk protein – 77, total production of fat and protein – 86%, in the herd of "Galeks-Agro", respectively: 71, 87, 74 and 84% (P < 0.001). The first-calf cows of the Simmental breed under the conditions of organic milk production were somewhat dominated by animals of the conventional herd in terms of milk productivity - in terms of milk yield per 305 days of lactation per 114 kg, with an insignificant difference. First-calf cows under conditions of organic milk production had worse reproduction parameters (service period – 136 days, reproductive rate – 0.89), compared to conventional milk production (127 days and 0.91), which is associated with the prohibition of the use of artificial vitamins, hormonal veterinary drugs to stimulate hunting, and shorten the duration of biological periods. The lowest milk productivity among the experimental groups were characterized by animals of the fifth group of both herds – their yield for 305 days of the first lactation amounted to 5042 and 4912 kg of milk, fat milk 4.08 and 4.11%, protein milk 3.37 and 3.46%. With a decrease in the selection index in animals has been established a decrease in dairy yield from 6767 (first group) to 5452 kg (fifth group), milk fat – from 290.7 to 204.8, milk protein – from 244.4 to 177.8 kg in the herd "Myroslavel-Agro" and from 7170 (first group) to 4912 kg (fifth group), milk fat – from 303.5 to 201.3, milk protein – from 252.8 to 169.5 kg in stage of "Halex-Agro". We recommend to use for repair of a herd of cows whose referred to the first two groups with the value of the selection index not lower than +23.0 (for "Myroslavel-Agro") and +26.3 (for "Galex-Agro"). The worst in terms of milk productivity, with the lowest value of the selection index (respectively: -44.9 and -51.7), it is desirable to sell to subsidiaries or other farms. It was found that when selecting animals according to the Tainber`s index, animals in organic and conventional herds are characterized by a lack of harmonious interaction with their habitat - cows are characterized by high dairy yields with simultaneous deterioration of their reproductive capacity, which confirms the well-known inverse relationship between these traits. The first-calf cows of the Simmental breed in the conditions of organic milk production slightly outnumber the animals of the conventional herd in terms of dairy productivity - in terms of milk yield for 305 days of lactation by 114 kg (P > 0.05). The first-calf cows in the conditions of organic milk production had worse reproduction parameters (service period – 136 days, reproductive rate – 0.89), compared to conventional milk production (127 days and 0.91). In our opinion, this is due to the peculiarities of the dairy industry in organic milk production and the ban on the use of artificial vitamins, hormonal veterinary drugs to stimulate hunting and reduce the duration of biological periods of reproduction.

DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES APPLICATION AS A FACTOR IN INCREASING ORGANIC MILK PRODUCTION COMPETITIVENESS

Рассмотрены перспективы развития органического молочного скотоводства в Российской Федерации, обусловленные вступлением в действие закона «Об органической продукции». Проанализированы факторы, способствующие развитию производства органического молока: возможность реализации эффекта масштаба, организация производства на необрабатываемых в течение ряда лет землях, свободных от остаточных проявлений интенсивной обработки, благоприятная конъюнктура внутреннего рынка, государственная поддержка экспорта. Определены основные сдерживающие факторы: отсутствие апробированных и адаптированных к региональным условиям технологий; усиление требований к качеству планирования и контроля; дефицит квалифицированных специалистов, имеющих опыт производства органической продукции; отсутствие узнаваемости бренда, негарантированность получения высокой ценовой премии. Исследованы возможности инновационных цифровых технологий в повышении производительности и результативности труда специалистов в кормопроизводстве и молочном скотоводстве, в обеспечении прослеживаемости и управляемости производственно-хозяйственного процесса в отрасли, контроля соответствия сырья и продукции требованиям к органическому производству. The article considers the prospects for the development of organic dairy farming in the Russian Federation, due to the entry into force of the law «On Organic Products». Factors contributing to the development of organic milk production were analyzed: the possibility of realizing economies of scale, the organization of production on uncultivated lands for several years, free from residual effects of intensive processing, favorable situation on the domestic market, government support for exports. Identified the main constraints: the lack of tested and adapted to regional conditions technologies; increased requirements for quality planning and monitoring; the shortage of qualified specialists with experience in organic production; lack of brand recognition, non-guaranteed high price premium. The article explores the possibilities of innovative digital technologies to improve the productivity of specialists in fodder production and dairy farming, provide traceability and manageability of production and economic process in the industry, control of compliance of raw materials and products with the requirements for organic production.

Development of Organic Milk Production in Poland on the Background of the EU

Organic milk production is an environmentally friendly production system based on local forage and a ban on using chemical fertilizers and certain other rules. Organic milk is considered to be healthier and is gaining attention worldwide. The market for organic products is increasing. The aim of the paper was to analyze changes in the development of organic dairy production in Poland in the context of the EU. We analyzed the changes on the European Union (EU) level and the Poland level. To analyze the changes in organic milk production on European Union level, we used the autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA). Our results show that both organic milk production and the farm area used for organic production will increase. Moreover, we analyzed the organic dairy farms running rural accountancy within the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) in Poland in the years 2007–2018. We used tabular and graphic methods to present the data. In the analysis the methods of correlation and regression were used. Germany, France, Austria, and Great Britain are the countries with the largest numbers of organic dairy cows. Our prognosis examined the development of organic milk production in the European Union (EU). The number of cows on dairy organic farms will increase in most countries in the EU. Then, we analyzed the impact of the chosen factors on three dependent variables: organic milk production, total production of organic dairy farms, and income from family farms. The most important independent variables were cow numbers, the value of fixed assets, the value of current assets, long-term debt, and short-term debt.

Izračun ogljičnega odtisa pri pridelavi mleka

Agriculture contributes about 10% of greenhouse gas emissions. The transition to a low-carbon society, while increasing food production, poses a major challenge. The article deals with the carbon footprint in organic milk production on the school property in Biotechnical Centre Naklo. Data are collected from central records of cattle, material and financial accounting, annual plans and reports, and from process monitoring according to ISO standards (ISO 9001, 14001). 22 ha of agricultural land with 33 cows and young livestock (46 LSU), grazed throughout the year, are earmarked for the needs of organic milk production. All the processes that affect CO2eq emissions are recorded in order to be able to calculate the carbon footprint (PAS 2050 and ISO 14067) in accordance with the LCA cycle procedures. Voluminous (7,195t) and strong fodder (4,347 t) has maximum impact on CO2eq. (4,347 t). The fodder is followed by electricity (32 t) and gas oil (16 t). The total carbon footprint for milk production and storage at 4 ° C is 60.95 t CO2eq, which is 2.73 CO2eq/l milk.

Produkcja mleka ekologicznego w Polsce. Koncentracja czy rozproszenie?

Regions specialized in the organic milk production in Poland represent a small share in the total production of this raw material within the country. Measurement of concentration is one of the key issues in research on the economic structures of market phenomena. The aim of the work was to examine the degree of concentration of the organic milk market in the context of the total milk market, as well as an attempt to answer the question about the possibility of indicating regions specializing in the production of organic milk. The study was carried out using the classical Herfindahl-Hirschman index. A modified version of the formula of the zero unitarization method was also used. The obtained results indicate a moderate degree of concentration of the organic milk market. At the same time, using the modified zero unitarization method, it is possible to clearly identify regions in which the production of organic milk has more economic significance.