Komunitas ikan karang di perairan karang Pulau Weh, Sabang, Provinsi Aceh

Prolonged coral reef damages due to natural and anthropogenic factors may lead to fish habitat changes. The habitat alteration will make the necessary study of fish community structures. This study was conducted in the 12 stations of the Weh Island reef waters. The purpose of this study is to provide baseline data for monitoring activities in the future. The study objective is to identify the reef fish community structures in terms of diversity, species composition, density, and biomass. Methods used was belt transect and visual census within transect areas of 350 m2. The results showed that there were at least 126 species of reef fishes with 18 families included in the fishing targeted group and the indicator fish group. Those respectively consisted of 23 corallivorous species, 36 herbivorous species, 53 carnivorous species and 14 zooplantivorous species. Their species number, density and biomass were varied among transect sites. The dominant species of corallivores were Hemitaurichthys zoster, Chaetodon guttatissimus, Chaetodon colare, Chaetodon trifasciatus, Forcipiger flavissimus, Chaetodon vagabundus, Chaetodon meyeri, Chaetodon kleinii, Heniochus singularis, and Heniochus pleurotaenia. The dominant species of herbivores were Acanthurus leucosternon, Ctenochaetus striatus, Acanthurus tristis, Ctenochaetus truncatus, Zebrasoma scopas, Chlorurus sordidus, Acanthurus triostegus, Scarus niger, Scarus ghobban and Acanthurus auranticavus. The dominant species of carnivores were Pempheris vanicolensis, Odonus niger, Mulloidichthys vanicolensis, Scolopsis ciliatus, Parupeneus barberinus, and Scolopsis bilineatus. The dominant spcies of zooplanktivores were Pterocaesio tile, Caesio xanthonotus, Sargocentron caudimaculatum, Myripristis berndti, Caesio caerulaurea, Pterocaesio randalli, Pterocaesio chrysozona, Caesio varilineatus andMyripristis kuntee. Species diversity of fish indicator and target fishes are relatively high. Among of the dozen study sites that have excellent conditions of diversity, composition, density and biomass are three location only.Keywords: Reef fish, community structures, Weh Island, Provinsi Aceh. Abstrak. Perubahan habitat ikan dapat terjadi sebagai akibat kerusakan terumbu karang yang berkepanjangan oleh sebab faktor-faktor alami dan kegiatan manusia. Perubahan habitat seperti ini mendorong kepada suatu kebutuhan penelitian struktur komunitas ikan karang. Lokasi Penelitian ini dilakukan di 12 stasiun pada perairan karang pulau Weh. Sasaran penelitian adalah untuk menyediakan data dasar bagi dalam kaitannya dengan kegiatan-kegiatan pemantauan dikemudian hari. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengindentifikasi struktur komunitas ikan karang berkaitan dengan parameter keanekaragaman, komposisi jenis, kepadatan individual dan biomassa. Metode yang digunakan adalah transek sabuk dan sensus visual dalam area transek seluas 350 m2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa didapat 126 jenis ikan karang yang mewakili 18 suku yang termasuk kelompok ikan karang target dan ikan indikator. Jenis-jenis tersebut masing-masing terdiri dari 23 species koralivora, 36 species herbivora, 53 species karnivora dan 14 species zoopanktivora. Jumlah jenis, kepadatan dan biomassanya ditemukan bervariasi antara lokasi transek. Jenis yang mendominasi koralivora adalah Hemitaurichthys zoster, Chaetodon guttatissimus, Chaetodon colare, Chaetodon trifasciatus, Forcipiger flavissimus, Chaetodon vagabundus, Chaetodon meyeri, Chaetodon kleinii, Heniochus singularis, danHeniochus pleurotaenia. Jenis yang mendominasi herbivora adalah Acanthurus leucosternon, Ctenochaetus striatus, Acanthurus tristis, Ctenochaetus truncatus, Zebrasoma scopas, Chlorurus sordidus, Acanthurus triostegus, Scarus niger, Scarus ghobban dan Acanthurus auranticavus. Jenis yang mendominasi karnivora adalah Pempheris vanicolensis, Odonus niger, Mulloidichthys vanicolensis, Scolopsis ciliatus, Parupeneus barberinus, dan Scolopsis bilineatus. Jenis yang mendominasi zooplanktivora adalah Pterocaesio tile, Caesio xanthonotus, Sargocentron caudimaculatum, Myripristis berndti, Caesio caerulaurea, Pterocaesio randalli, Pterocaesio chrysozona, Caesio varilineatus dan Myripristis kuntee. Keanekaragaman jenis ikan indikator dan ikan karang target relatif tinggi. Di antara 12 lokasi penelitian yang terbaik dalam hal keragaman, komposisi, kepadatan dan biomassa hanya dijumpai pada tiga lokasi saja. Kata Kunci: Ikan karang, struktur komunitas, Pulau Weh Island, Provinsi Aceh.

An updated Checklist of the Marine fishes from Syria with emphasis on alien species

An updated checklist of marine ichthyofauna that are recorded to date, from Syrian marine water including 297 species (belonging to 220 genera, 111 families, 36 orders, and 3 classes) is presented. Sparidae is the dominant family (28 species), followed by Blenniidae (15 species), while 55 families are represented by 1 species. The Chondrichthyes present in Syria were cross-checked for the first time. The status, frequency, the main fishing gear targeting common species, in addition to the fishing method by which the rare species were caught, are also provided. Four species are recorded for the first time herein: Stomias boa boa (Risso, 1810), Hymenocephalus italicus Giglioli, 1884, Scarus ghobban Forsskal, 1775, and Nettastoma melanurum Rafinesque, 1810. In this inventory, 56 Lessepsian migrant species are also included, with 16 of them being considered as very common and of positive economic importance. Alien species have been grouped into three categories namely established (49 species), casual (2 species), and single records (5 species). Twenty-eight species were disregarded from this list, due to lack of solid documentation on their presence.

SUMBER DAYA IKAN KARANG DI TAMAN WISATA ALAM GILI MATRA, LOMBOK BARAT

Keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan ikan karang adalah indikator yang baik untuk menilai secara dini adanya dampak pada ekosistem terumbu karang dari sebab kegiatan manusia yang tinggal di sekitar Taman Wisata Alam Laut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengindentifikasi sumber daya ikan karang yang ditinjau dari sisi keanekaragaman jenis, kepadatan individu, komposisi dan biomassa ikan karang dari kelompok fungsional ikan karang. Penelitian dilakukan pada September 2014 dengan metode sensus visual bawah air. Berat ikan didapat dengan cara mensubsitusikan panjang ikan ke rumus panjang berat (W= aXb). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat sedikitnya 27 spesies ikan indikator dan 84 spesies ikan target dari 16 famili. Kelompok ikan herbivora dijumpai 36 spesies dari 3 famili, ikan karnivora dijumpai 43 spesies dari 10 famili dan ikan planktivora 5 spesies dari 3 famili. Urutan dari 10 terbesar ikan karang yang dijumpai terdiri dari Ctenochaetus striatus (13 ekor/350m2), Mulloidichthys flavolineatus (10,25 ekor/350m2), Acanthurus olivaceus (8,4 ekor/350m2), Parupeneus multifasciatus (6,5 ekor/350m2), Myripristis kuntee (5,5 ekor/350m2), Kyphosus cinerascens (5,25 ekor/350m2), Lutjanus kasmira (5,13 ekor/350m2), Acanthurus leucocheilus (4,9 ekor/350m2), Scarus ghobban (4,6 ekor/350m2), Parupeneus bifasciatus (4,6 ekor/350m2). Rata-rata kelimpahan ikan karang tertinggi 0,46 individu/m2 dan terendah 0,06 individu/m2. Rata-rata biomassa ikan karang 81,2 kg/350m2 dan terendah 4,69 kg/350m2. Ikan karang target tersedia 1.126 kg per hektar. Reef fish diversity and abundance are good indicators to assess early for impacts on coral reefs ecosystem resulted from human activities living in the adjacent waters of the Gili Matra Tourism Marine Park. The study objective is to identify reef fish resources with regards to species deversity, density, composition and biomass of reef fish functional groups. The work was carried out in September 2014 with a census visual method. Body weight is derived from putting in fish length to weight-length formula (W=aLb). The results show that there were at least 27 species of coralivorous fishes and 84 species of target fish belong to 16 families. There were 36 herbivorous fishes of three families, 43 carnivorous fishes of ten families, and 5 planktivorous fishes of three families. The ten greatest of reef fish biomass were consisted of Ctenochaetus striatus (13 individual/350m2), Mulloidichthys flavolineatus (10.25 individual/350m2), Acanthurus olivaceus (8.4 individual/350m2), Parupeneus multifasciatus (6.5 individual/350m2), Myripristis kuntee (5.5 individual/350m2), Kyphosus cinerascens (5,25 individual/350m2), Lutjanus kasmira (5.13 individual/350m2), Acanthurus leucocheilus (4.9 individual/350m2), Scarus ghobban (4.6 individual/350m2), Parupeneus bifasciatus (4.6 individual/350m2). The abundance of individual reef fish was ranged from the highest of 0.46 individu/m2 to the lowest of 0.06 individual/m2. The biomass of reef fish was ranged from the highest of 81.2 kg/350m2 to the lowest of 4.69 kg/350m2. The target fish was available for 1.126 kg per hectar.