Assessment cytotoxic assay of Rhizophora plants mangrove using brine shrimp (Artemia salina L) model

Rhizophoraceae is the main family of mangroves as a source of bioactive compounds originating from the coast. Ethnophamacologically Rhizophoraceae has been used in various traditional medicine. Natural sources as anticancer from the Rhizophoraceae family are interesting to know. This study aimed to determine the cytotoxic bioactivity of methanolic extracts of roots, bark, leaves, and fruit/hypocotyl from five species of Rhizophoraceae (Bruguieria cylindrica, B. gymnorrhiza, Ceriops decandra, Rhizophora apiculata, and R. mucronata) from the Langsa mangrove forest, Aceh. The method used in this study was the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) bioassay using Artemia salina Leach at extract concentrations of 1, 10, 100, 500, and 1000 μg/ml. Samples were extracted using the maceration method and methanol as the solvent. The cytotoxic activity of 20 Rhizophoraceae methanol extracts showed that 12 extracts were toxic with an LC50 range of 31.5 - 934.9 μg/ml (based on LC50 ≤ 1000 μg/ml). The two extracts of which the closest to highly toxic (based on LC50 ≤ 30 μg/ml) were C. decandra bark showed LC50 of 31.5 μg/ml, and R. mucronata bark showed LC50 31.8 μg/ml. This shows that Rhizophoraceae extract has potential as a natural anticancer agent. In the five rhizophoraceae species, C. decandra was the most active compared to other species. In the four plant parts, the bark was the most toxic.

Relationships Between Care Burden, Resilience, and Depressive Symptoms Among the Main Family Caregivers of Stroke Patients: a Cross-sectional Study

Background Although studies indicate that resilience is related to care burden, and depressive symptoms, the underlying mechanism between those variables remains unknown. Thus, the present study aimed to explore the potential mediating role of resilience between care burden and depressive symptoms. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 245 main family caregivers of stroke patients recruited from the neurology department of Tertiary A hospital of China. The self-designed demographic characteristics for patients and caregivers、Barthel Daily Living Activities Index (BDLAI)、Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI)、Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were used for investigation. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to explore the relationships between care burden, resilience, and depressive symptoms among the main family caregivers of stroke patients༎ Results The average scores of care burden, resilience, and depressive symptoms for caregivers were 43.89 ± 13.40, 55.68 ± 11.01, and 22.33 ± 9.85, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis results showed that the care burden was positively related to depressive symptoms (r = 0.578, p < 0.01), resilience was significantly negatively related to both care burden (r = -0.264, p < 0.01) and depressive symptoms (r = -0.697, p < 0.01). Structural equation models (SEM) analysis indicated that resilience partially mediated the relationship between care burden and depressive symptoms with the mediation effect ratio of 23.8%. Conclusions Our study signifies that resilience plays a mediating role between care burden and depressive symptoms among the main family caregivers of stroke patients. This finding shows us that resilience can be a critical source to alleviate depressive symptoms.

Representatives of lepidoptera groups in plant biotocenosis and their effective parasite-entomophage types

The article highlights interesting parts of ten years of scientific research, the development of fauna and bioecology and populations of more than 50 species of the main family Lepidoptera, which are found in the biocenosis of agricultural crops in Uzbekistan. Also, the species composition of representatives of the family Trichogrammatidae, Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Chalcididae, Pteromalidae, Tachinidae from the main entomophagous species that effectively control the number of members of the family Lepidoptera was identified and systematically analyzed.

The Legal Standing of Ulayat Rights and Communal Rights of a Land Based on Knowledge and Kindship of Community System of the Sentani Customary Law in Jayapura Regency, Papua

The purpose of this research is to show the different implementation of ulayat rights concept and the communal rights of a Land on the customary law community, after the enactment of Permen ATR/Head of BPN No. 10 of 2016., from the aspect of legal subject, object, characteristics, the validity is the same of not on the implementation based on the knowledge and the kindship system of the 9 (nine) ethnic group of customary law community in 12 (twelve) region of customary regency Jayapura, Province of Papua. This research using normative-juridical and empirical-juridical approach with a secondary legal material, observation, and interview, then the analysis has been done qualitatively which the reduction, presentation of legal material and verification. The Result showed that there are a perception differences on the government knowledge and customary law community knowledge of 9 ethnic group in 12 customary region on 4 development area of Jayapura. Especially the customary community of Sentani which are in the one of the development area, knows that the ulayat rights or communal rights is a common rights beside the individual rights, is different on its implementation. It means that for the 9 ethnic group of the customary law community of Sentani the concept of Ulayat rights are broad public rights and limited private rights to land, held and done by the head of the tribe, klen, and the main family, while the concept of communal rights is limited to the public rights and broad on the private of the land which done by the klen and the main family including the individual rights of the customary law community. The recognition of both differences of the concept on the implementation of ulayat rights and communal rights of 9 tribal ethnic group of Sentani on 12 sub-region of customary area of Jayapura, based on the knowledge and the legal system of kinship (the history of origin) genealogically and customary territorial and customary institution (social structure), the system of keondoafian leadership which are run until today, there are no legal certainty as the effort to overcome the differences in the concept of implementing ulayaat rights and communal rights as well as individual rights of the Sentani customary law community, Jayapura.

Русский и родные языки как факторы идентичности (по результатам экспертных опросов в Карачаево-Черкесской республике)

В статье представлены результаты социологических опросов, проведенных в Карачаево-Черкесской Республике в течение ряда лет. В них отражено отношение населения региона в целом к русскому и родным языкам, а также экспертное мнение, детализирующее роль и значение языков в коллективной и личностной идентичности. Отражена роль русского языка как основного идентификатора общероссийской гражданской идентичности и отношение народов КЧР к родному языку как основному показателю этнической идентичности. В рамках парадигмы идентичности показано отношение регионального экспертного сообщества к родным языкам как основной семейной ценности. Вопросы, связанные с ролью и значением русского языка как языка государствоообразующего народа, и родными языками, отражающими культурное многообразие страны, рассматриваются в контексте принятых поправок в Конституцию РФ и предстоящей в 2021 году Всероссийской переписи населения. The article presents the results of sociological surveys conducted in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic over a number of years, which reflect the attitude of the region's population as a whole to Russian and native languages and expert opinion detailing the role and significance of languages in collective and personal identity. The role of the Russian language as the main identifier of the all-Russian civic identity and the attitude of the KCR peoples to their native language as the main indicator of ethnic identity is revealed. Within the framework of the identity paradigm, the attitude of the regional expert community to native languages as the main family value is shown. Issues related to the role and significance of the Russian language as the language of the state-forming people and native languages reflecting the cultural diversity of the country are considered in the context of the adopted amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the upcoming 2021 All-Russian population census.

Effect of main family caregiver’s anxiety and depression on mortality of patients with moderate-severe stroke

Anxiety and depression are common mental illness in stroke caregivers, resulting in significant stress to the emotion health of caregivers. Caregivers’ emotion can seriously affect the recovery rate of stroke patient, therefore, how to control and affect the caregivers’ anxiety and depression is of great importance. Here three multiple centers observation and validation study were performed to screen out the risk factors for development of anxiety and depression in main family caregiver, and the effect of anxiety and depression of family caregivers on 6-month mortality of patients with moderate-severe stroke. The severity of the stroke, the duration of care time and the medical payment associated with increased risk of anxiety and depression. Anxiety and depression of main family caregivers are associated with increased risk 6-month mortality of patients with moderate-severe stroke. Therefore, the support provided to the family caregivers might have positive effect on prognosis of the patients with stroke.

Relationship Between Quality of Life of Children With Cancer and Caregiving Competence of Main Family Caregivers

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the caregiver’s proxy-report of the quality of life (QoL) of children with cancer and the main family caregiver’s competence, and to examine the role of said competence and other care-related variables in their proxy-reported QoL of children with cancer. Method: This was a cross sectional, correlation design study conducted with 97 main family caregivers of children between the ages of 8 and 12 years with cancer residing in Colombia. The following variables were collected: main family caregiver and child sociodemographic characteristics (Survey for Dyad Care; GCPC-UN-D), The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Cancer Module, and the Competence Instrument (caregiver version). Results: The mean of the children’s QoL was 102.0 points, and the caregivers’ competence score was 211.24. Caregiver’s competence ( t = 5.814, p < .01), marital status ( t = 1.925, p < .05), time as a caregiver ( t = 2.087, p < .05), number of hours spent caring for the child ( t = 2.621, p < .05), and caregiver’s previous caring experiences ( t = 2.068, p < .05) were found to influence caregiver’s proxy-report of the QoL of children with cancer. Conclusions: High competence in main family caregivers positively influence caregiver’s proxy-report of the QoL of children with cancer. Study results also suggest that nurses should consider the caregivers’ sociodemographic characteristics such as marital status, time as a caregiver, number of hours spent caring for the child, and caregiver’s previous experiences because those aspects influence main family caregivers’ proxy-report about their children’s QoL.

Family practices during the pandemic and the state of emergency: The female perspective

Increased risks are inspiring context for family practices' analysis as they can impact changes in practices, thus changing family functioning and relations. The aim of the paper is to identify features of the main family practices (reproduction of everyday life, partnership, parenthood) during pandemic and state of emergency in Serbian society. It is assumed that these conditions led to practices' changes. The issue is analysed based on data collected on a sample of 265 female respondents using a combined research plan. The results showed that the state of emergency and the pandemic of COVID-19 virus induced changes in main family practices. The most common were changes in the reproduction of everyday life (especially, groceries shopping), while pre-pandemic partnership practices were the most resistant to change. Traditional and egalitarian practices showed greater resilience to change, while masculine practices are usually newly established. There is continuity in the use of "female" resources in family practices, but with a shift from this pattern towards more frequent engagement of "male" resources, due to changes in the professional roles during the state of emergency.