OIP5-AS1: A fascinating long noncoding RNA in carcinoma

Background: It is substantiated that LncRNAs are associated with carcinoma progression. OIP5-AS1 is a tumor-related carcinoma suppressor lncRNA, previously discovered in zebrafish, which is involved in the progression of a variety of cancers, has a regulatory effect on carcinoma, and interacts with miRNA and other biomolecules to affect the physiological and pathological processes of carcinoma cells. This article will discuss the effect of OIP5-AS1 in various cancers and its regulatory mechanism. Methods: This paper summarized and analyzed OIP5-AS1, which functions on the germination and progression of carcinoma and its regulatory mechanism. Meanwhile, the related research was retrieved and collected by PubMed system. Results: OIP5-AS1 is overexpressed in various tumors, which regulates and controls tumor growth and participates in tumor progression, including breast carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, lung carcinoma, and laryngeal squamous cell gastric carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma. The research evidence proves that OIP5-AS1 takes part in carcinoma proliferation, growth, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Conclusion : OIP5-AS1 probably can be an effective biomarker or a potential therapeutic target in multiple tumors.

LIVER TRANSPLANTATION FOR CARCINOMA HEPATOCELLULAR IN SÃO PAULO: 414 CASES BY THE MILAN/BRAZIL CRITERIA

ABSTRACT Background: The criterion of Milan (CM) has been used as standard for indication of liver transplantation (LTx) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide for nearly 20 years. Several centers have adopted criteria expanded in order to increase the number of patients eligible to liver transplantation, while maintaining good survival rates. In Brazil, since 2006, the criterion of Milan/Brazil (CMB), which disregards nodules <2 cm, is adopted, including patients with a higher number of small nodules. Aim: To evaluate the outcome of liver transplantation within the CMB. Methods: The medical records of patients with HCC undergoing liver transplantation in relation to recurrence and survival by comparing CM and CMB, were analyzed. Results: 414 LTx for HCC, the survival at 1 and 5 years was 84.1 and 72.7%. Of these, 7% reached the CMB through downstaging, with survival at 1 and 5 years of 93.1 and 71.9%. The CMB patient group that exceeded the CM (8.6%) had a survival rate of 58.1% at five years. There was no statistical difference in survival between the groups CM, CMB and downstaging. Vascular invasion (p<0.001), higher nodule size (p=0.001) and number of nodules >2 cm (p=0.028) were associated with relapse. The age (p=0.001), female (p<0.001), real MELD (p<0.001), vascular invasion (p=0.045) and number of nodes >2 cm (p<0.014) were associated with worse survival. Conclusions: CMB increased by 8.6% indications of liver transplantation, and showed survival rates similar to CM.

Hepatocellular carcinoma in the adult Fontan patient

In this study, we describe the case of a 36-year-old woman who was diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma on a background of Fontan procedure for tricuspid atresia. She had worsening heart failure in the months before presentation, and early investigations noted derangement in liver enzymes and hepatomegaly. Liver biopsy confirmed a hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatocellular carcinoma is a rare but recognised consequence of cardiac cirrhosis in Fontan patients.

CARCINOMA HEPATOCELULAR – UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA

Introdução: globalmente, são diagnosticados mais de meio milhão de casos de carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC) ao ano. É o terceiro câncer em mortalidade e o sexto em incidência. Os fatores de risco são bastante conhecidos e descritos na literatura - a cirrose, o principal deles, é encontrada em 90% dos casos. Em termos globais, a etiologia mais comum é o vírus da hepatite B (HBV), seguido do vírus da hepatite C (HCV). Material e métodos: realizada uma busca na base de dados do Medline a partir da ferramente MeSH do site Pubmed no dia 11 de março de 2014. Foram usadas como palavras-chave: “carcinoma hepatocellular/epidemiology”. Restringindo a revisões sistemáticas ou revisões publicadas nos últimos 5 anos, foram encontrados 154 artigos. A partir da leitura do título e abstract, o número foi reduzido a 52. Adicionalmente, incluímos artigos referenciados nos trabalhos selecionados. Resultados e Discussão: a distribuição do CHC no mundo é bastante heterogênea e dinâmica. Oitenta e dois por cento dos novos casos concentram-se em países em desenvolvimento, com a China contemplando sozinha 55%. Localidades de alta incidência de CHC normalmente são endêmicas para o HBV. Já em regiões de baixa incidência para o câncer, a etiologia predominante é o HCV. Somados, os vírus são encontrados em 80% de todos os casos. Outra característica é o maior comprometimento de homens – no Brasil, 78%. Os fatores de risco, além dos vírus, são o etilismo, hemocromatose, aflatoxina B1, hepatite autoimune, obesidade, Diabetes, Doença Hepática Gordurosa Não-Alcoólica (NALFD), Esteatohepatite Não-Alcoólica (NASH) e tabagismo.

Synthesis of New 2-Substituted 6-Bromo-3-methylthiazolo[3,2-a]- benzimidazole Derivatives and their Biological Activities

1-(6-Bromo-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazol-2-yl)ethanone (2) was prepared by bromination at ambient temperature of 1-(3-methylthiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazol-2-yl)ethanone (1). The structure of 2 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The precursor 5 was synthesized by heating a mixture of acetyl 2 and bromine. Various 2-substituted 6-bromo-3-methylthiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazoles containing 1,3-thiazole, 1,4-benzothiazine, quinoxaline or imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine moieties were prepared starting from bromoacetyl 5. Taken together from the biological investigations, 2, 5, and 7a were potent immunosuppressors against both macrophages and T-lymphocytes, and 7b, 11b, and 14 were potent immunostimulators towards both types of immune cells. The results also revealed that, among others, 2 and 14 were the most signifi cant inhibitors of LPS-stimulated NO generation, and that 5, 7a, and 7b had a weak radical scavenging activity against DPPH radicals. Moreover, 2, 5, and 7a had a concomitant strong cytotoxicity against colon carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Collectively, compounds 2, 5, and 7a are multipotent compounds with promising biological activities.