betalamic acid
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Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2520
Author(s):  
Izabela Sadowska-Bartosz ◽  
Grzegorz Bartosz

Betalains are water-soluble pigments present in vacuoles of plants of the order Caryophyllales and in mushrooms of the genera Amanita, Hygrocybe and Hygrophorus. Betalamic acid is a constituent of all betalains. The type of betalamic acid substituent determines the class of betalains. The betacyanins (reddish to violet) contain a cyclo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (cyclo-DOPA) residue while the betaxanthins (yellow to orange) contain different amino acid or amine residues. The most common betacyanin is betanin (Beetroot Red), present in red beets Beta vulgaris, which is a glucoside of betanidin. The structure of this comprehensive review is as follows: Occurrence of Betalains; Structure of Betalains; Spectroscopic and Fluorescent Properties; Stability; Antioxidant Activity; Bioavailability, Health Benefits; Betalains as Food Colorants; Food Safety of Betalains; Other Applications of Betalains; and Environmental Role and Fate of Betalains.


2021 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 106176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Matencio ◽  
M. Alejandra Guerrero-Rubio ◽  
Fernando Gandía-Herrero ◽  
Francisco García-Carmona ◽  
José Manuel López-Nicolás
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kumorkiewicz-Jamro ◽  
Tomasz Świergosz ◽  
Katarzyna Sutor ◽  
Aneta Spórna-Kucab ◽  
Sławomir Wybraniec

The updated classification of all known betacyanin plant pigments and a review of the current research focused on the chemical properties of the pigments are presented, in addition to the description of semi-synthesis of betalamic acid conjugates.


RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (50) ◽  
pp. 29745-29750
Author(s):  
Huei-Yu Chen ◽  
Yi-Chun Yeh

We developed an enzyme cascade-triggered colorimetric reaction for the detection of tyrosine, based on the formation of yellow pigment (betalamic acid) and red fluorometric betaxanthin.


2016 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 458-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juana Cabanes ◽  
Fernando Gandía-Herrero ◽  
Josefa Escribano ◽  
Francisco García-Carmona ◽  
Mercedes Jiménez-Atiénzar

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000
Author(s):  
Kana Takahashi ◽  
Kazuko Yoshida ◽  
Masaaki Sakuta

The comparative analysis of two Phytolacca americana DOPA dioxygenases (PaDOD1 and PaDOD2) that may be involved in betalain biosynthesis was carried out. The recombinant protein of PaDOD1 catalyzed the conversion of DOPA to betalamic acid, whereas DOD activity was not detected in PaDOD2 in vitro. The role of DOD genes is discussed in the evolutionary context using phylogenetic analysis, suggesting that DOD might have been duplicated early in evolution and that accumulation of base substitutions could have led to the different characteristics of DODs within the betalain-producing Caryophyllales.


2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (17) ◽  
pp. 3776-3782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juana Cabanes ◽  
Fernando Gandía-Herrero ◽  
Josefa Escribano ◽  
Francisco García-Carmona ◽  
Mercedes Jiménez-Atiénzar
Keyword(s):  
One Step ◽  

1997 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas A. Mueller ◽  
Ursula Hinz ◽  
Jean-Pierre Zryd
Keyword(s):  

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